Which country has had the most significant reform results in the upheaval in Eastern Europe?

German Democratic Republic.

The fundamental causes of the great changes in Eastern Europe were the long-term repression of the Soviet Union, the color revolutions in the West, and the failure of these countries to find their own path of development, which eventually led to the drastic changes in Eastern Europe.

The long-term suppression by the Soviet Union and some color revolutions in the West have led to great changes in Eastern Europe.

Even the long-term repression of the Soviet Union, coupled with the color revolutions in the West at that time, no one found a suitable path of development for themselves.

The fundamental reason for the failure of reform in Eastern European countries is that they have not broken through the shackles of a highly centralized political and economic system.

Blind imitation of the Soviet Union was the root cause of its defeat.

Reforms should be tailored to national circumstances.

The feudal forces are too great, the revolutionary forces are too small!

The drastic changes in Eastern Europe refer to the radical changes in the political and economic systems of various socialist countries in Eastern Europe from the late 80s to the early 90s of the 20th century, and the scientific socialist system eventually evolved into the violent turbulence of the capitalist system. It was the defeat of the socialist totalitarian politics of Eastern Europe. The essence of the drastic changes in Eastern Europe is the change in the nature of society in the countries of Eastern Europe.

the impact on China; Although China was once hit by the drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the collapse of the Soviet Union in the process of reform and opening up, it still adhered to socialism. In 1992, he pointed out in the Southern Speech that the people's tempering and learning lessons from it would promote the development of socialism in a healthier direction. - Common Sense History.

1. Politically, attention should be paid to carrying forward socialist democracy and strengthening the building of the legal system;

After the establishment of new communist regimes after the war, the countries of Eastern Europe followed the example of the "Stalin model" of the Soviet Union and carried out the socialist transformation of their national economies. First, through agrarian reform and the nationalization of industry and commerce, the old system was destroyed, and then, through the formulation of a five-year plan, the industrialization and agricultural collectivization movement were carried out, and a centralized planned economic system was formed.

The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to accelerate the institutionalization, standardization and proceduralization of socialist democratic politics, build a socialist country under the rule of law, and develop a more extensive, fuller and more sound people's democracy.

2. Economically, we should expand the autonomy of enterprises, pay attention to arousing the enthusiasm of the people, and vigorously support the development of agriculture and light industry.

The common requirement of the reform of the socialist countries of Eastern Europe in the fifties and sixties of the 20 th century was to establish equal state relations with the Soviet Union and to establish socialist democratic politics.

On October 29, 1981, the State Economic Commission and the State Economic Reform Office forwarded the "Opinions on Several Issues Concerning the Implementation of the Economic Responsibility System for Industrial Production" formulated by the State Economic Commission and the State Economic Reform Office, and issued a notice. The circular pointed out: The economic responsibility system for industrial production must be further developed and perfected, and it must be linked not only to profits, but also to output, quality, variety, and cost.

This requires enterprises to establish a sound, clear, and specific post responsibility system in production, technology, and operation, and to implement comprehensive economic accounting.

Since then, the reform of expanding the autonomy of enterprises with "tax reduction, profit concession, and power expansion" as the core has been carried out in the cities in an all-round way, and this move has effectively broken the shackles of the planned economic system on enterprises and greatly liberated and developed the productive forces. At that time, the planning system and fiscal revenue were the two "starting points" for the management of enterprises. Under the planning system, all the business activities of the enterprise are arranged by the state, the tasks are issued by the state, the products are underwritten by the state, the equipment and materials are allocated by the state, the personnel are deployed by the state, all profits are handed over, and the losses are borne by the state.

Therefore, the direct bearer of the task of economic construction of the "enterprise" has become a "little daughter-in-law" who has no status, is tightly bound by the management system, operates rigidly, has a serious disconnect between supply and demand, and has reduced efficiency; The first had to exchange several times the investment for corporate returns, which exacerbated the financial difficulties.

There are many countries in the world that have carried out this kind of economic transformation, mainly former socialist countries, such as Russia, Eastern European countries, China, Vietnam, etc., and the economic transformation of each country will go through a long period of time. The specific goals and paths of transformation are different in different countries, and the economic problems encountered in the economic transformation of various countries are common and special, which has attracted the attention of the international economic community, and the theory of economic transformation has also been born. Although the terminology used by the economics profession is not identical, such as transition economy, transition economy, and transition economy, there is not much difference in the object and content of their research.

The economic transformation of Poland, Russia and other former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries has basically adopted the "shock**" of Professor Sachs and others at Harvard University in the United States, and instability problems such as inflation and economic recession have generally appeared after market-oriented reforms. China's economic transformation has followed a completely different path, and in particular, the economic transformation has not abandoned socialist principles and remained cautious, and there has been no economic and social crisis like that of Russia and other countries. However, there are also many contradictions and frictions encountered in economic transformation.

Since 1978, China's economic reform has gone through more than 20 years. There is no doubt that China's economic reforms have been a great success and have received international acclaim. It can be said that the goal of China's reform over the past 20 years or so is to establish a sound market economic system and a market economic system.

Why have China's economic reforms been so successful? The popular explanation among many Western scholars is that the root cause of China's good economic performance lies in the adoption of a "gradual reform strategy" that is completely different from that of the CIS and Eastern European countries. Other scholars believe that the main reason for the success of China's economic reform is not "gradual", but because China has implemented a reform strategy of "from outside the system to inside the system", that is, China's reform has adopted a strategy of avoiding the front edge and first "outside the system" rather than nailing the state-owned sector, the backbone of the old system.

Through the three policies of rural reform, opening up to the outside world, developing the non-state-owned economy in some areas, and expanding the market through regions, the economic development of the pioneer areas, mainly the coastal areas, has led to rapid economic development. I believe that the path to China's successful economic reform over the past 20 years can be said to be "gradual" or "from outside the system to within the system", but this is only the way and method of reform, not the strategy of reform. From a strategic point of view, I believe that China's reform has taken a special path of "policy governance".

In other words, it does not take the "rule of law" as the core to guide economic reform, nor does it take the "rule of authority" as the forerunner to control economic reform, but uses the "rule of policy" to adjust reform.

Similar people want to develop.

It is not as different as the national conditions.

The main reason is that the Stalinist model has reached a dead end, and the country is in internal and external troubles. There are calls for reforms that will change the status quo of the country and the lives of the people. Compared with Western European countries, Eastern European countries must be envious, jealous and hateful. Hope to adopt.

It was a cultural invasion of the communist countries of Eastern Europe by the US-led NATO bloc. At the same time, it is all the more because the shortcomings of the Stalin model have not been solved.

Dialectical materialism and historical materialism hold that movement and change are absolute.

Answer] :(1) The communist and workers' parties in the eastern and European countries have inherent weaknesses:

2) Lack of a correct line of socialist practice:

3) The Soviet Union's policy towards Eastern Europe changed or changed

4) The peaceful evolution of the West.