Why is the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid not a substitution reaction?

Substitution reaction refers to the reaction in which any atom or group in an organic compound molecule is replaced by other atoms or groups of the same type in the reagent. Because the carbon of the methyl group is connected to hydrogen by a single bond, assuming that it is a substitution, the oxygen atom and carbon should also be connected by a single bond, and there is a hydrogen atom connected to the carbon, but in fact this is not the case, the carboxyl group you know is like this, o=c-o-h (an oxygen and carbon are connected by a double bond, an oxygen is connected to carbon with a single bond, but the hydrogen atom is connected to the hydrogen atom with a single bond).

For redox reactions in organic reactions, there is a mantra: hydroreduction, oxygenation oxidation.

In essence, the effect of the benzene ring on the methyl group is to make the methyl group easily oxidized to a carboxyl group, as long as the first carbon of the group hanging on the benzene ring contains hydrogen, no matter how complex the group is, it can be oxidized to a carboxyl group to fade potassium permanganate. If you want to understand the reaction mechanism (i.e., the reaction process), you can go to the introduction of aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins oxidized by oxidants such as potassium permanganate in the "Basic Organic Chemistry" written by Professor Xing Qiyi.

= In layman's terms, it's all single-key, okay.

The C and O of benzoic acid are already double bonds......

Those who dehydrogenate and add oxygen are considered oxidized, and oxidation must not be replaced.

If you're wondering what the answer is, the reaction mechanism is complicated.

1. The method of oxidizing toluene to generate benzoic acid: potassium permanganate oxidation or metal catalyst catalysis, and oxygen-sensitive section oxidation under heating.

2. The mechanism of oxidation of potassium permanganate into benzoic acid by the combustion slag: the effect of the benzene ring on the methyl group is to make the methyl group easily oxidized to a carboxyl group, as long as the first carbon of the group hanging on the benzene ring contains hydrogen, no matter how complex the group is, the bridge row can be oxidized to a carboxyl group to fade the potassium permanganate.

3. Toluene is a colorless volatile liquid with a special aromatic flavor. It has a benzene odor. It has strong refractive properties. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, acetone, chloroform, carbon disulfide and glacial acetic acid, and very slightly soluble in water.

The reaction equation is:

Toluene and hydrogen undergo an addition reaction under catalyst conditions.

The substitution reaction of benzene with bromine refers to the reaction in which one atom in the benzene molecule is substituted by bromine. The halogen molecule is heterocleft by the combined action of benzene and catalyst, X attacks the benzene ring, and X binds to the catalyst. For a detailed explanation, see the aromatic substitution reaction.

Substitution reaction refers to the reaction in which any atom or atomic group in a compound or organic molecule is replaced by other atoms or atomic groups of the same type in the reagent, which is expressed by the general formula: r l (reaction matrix) + a-b (attack reagent) r a (substitute product) + l-b (leaving group) belongs to a class of chemical reactions.

Summary. Extended Materials.

Benzoic acid is a weak acid and is stronger than fatty acids. Their chemical properties are similar, and they can form salts, esters, acid halides, amides, anhydrides, etc., which are not easy to be oxidized. Electrophilic substitution reaction can occur on the benzene ring of benzoic acid, and the meta-substitution product is mainly obtained.

Benzoic acid reacts with diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol respectively to form important common resin plasticizers diethylene glycol dibenzoate (DEDB), triethylene glycol dibenzoate (TEDB) and dipropylene glycol dibenzoate (DPGDB), which are widely used in the production of resins, coatings and adhesives.

Benzoic acid can also be used to improve the gloss, viscosity, strength, and chemical resistance of various alkyd coatings. Benzoates and benzoic acid stop the chain growth of alkyd polymers and promote the crystallinity of the product.

Toluene reacts with oxygen to form benzoic acid.

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2c6h5ch3+3o2---2c6h5cooh+2h2o

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Condition. Extended InformationBenzoic acid is a weak acid, which is stronger than fatty acids. Their chemical properties are similar, and they can form salts, esters, acid halides, amides, anhydrides, etc., which are not easy to be oxidized.

Electrophilic substitution reaction can occur on the benzene ring of benzoic acid, mainly to the meta-substitution product. Benzoic acid reacts with diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and dipropylene glycol to form important common resin plasticizers diethylene glycol dibenzoate (DEDB), triethylene glycol dibenzoate (TEDB) and dipropylene glycol dibenzoate (DPGDB), which are widely used in the production of resins, coatings and adhesives. Benzoic acid can also be used to improve the gloss, viscosity, strength and chemical resistance of various alkyd coatings.

Benzoates and benzoic acid stop the chain growth of alkyd polymers and promote the crystallinity of the product.

Conditional catalysts on the line.

Mechanism of reaction. The methyl group combines with oxygen to form formate.

Halogenation reaction: Toluene reacts with liquid bromine under the catalyst of ferric ion (ferric bromide) and reacts with liquid bromine. The methyl group in toluene is an ortho-para active group, which can improve the electrophilic substitution activity of its ortho and para, so the hydrogen atom on the toluene benzene ring is replaced by a bromine atom, which mainly replaces the hydrogen on the carbon, and mainly produces o-bromotoluene and p-bromotoluene two substitution products and hydrogen bromide.

Under light conditions: toluene and gaseous bromine are reacted with elemental elements, and the subsituents are in the side chain of methyl groups to form benzyl bromide and hydrogen bromide.

Toluene can undergo a wang substitution reaction in which one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted. The following are two common toluene substitution reactions under iron and light conditions: Iron-catalyzed toluene substitution reactionIn iron-catalyzed, toluene can react with alkyl halides or alkyl halides to undergo aromatic substitution reactions.

The specific reaction equation is as follows: ar-h+rx ar-r+hx, where ar represents an aryl group (such as toluene), x represents a halogen (such as chlorine, bromine, etc.), and r represents an alkyl group (such as methyl rot, ethyl, etc.). In this reaction, one hydrogen atom in toluene is replaced by a halogen or alkyl group.

Toluene substitution reaction under light conditionsUnder light conditions, toluene can undergo a free radical substitution reaction. For example, toluene can react with bromine, undergoing a substitution reaction. The specific reaction equation is as follows:

ar-h+br2 ar-br+hbrIn this reaction, one hydrogen atom in toluene is starved for and replaced by a bromine atom. This reaction needs to be carried out under light conditions, usually using ultraviolet lamps or sunlight as the light source. [ oor

Toluene substitution reaction is a common organic chemical reaction containing denier. It refers to the substitution or substitution of one hydrogen atom into another atom or group in a toluene molecule.

This reaction usually needs to be carried out under high temperature and high pressure conditions. It often requires the use of a late ridge oxidizer as a catalyst, such as hydrogen peroxide, benzoic acid peroxide, or chlorine dioxide.

In the toluene molecule, the hydrogen atom can be replaced by many different groups. For example, hydroxyxyl, amino, nitro, halogen, etc. These substituents can have a significant impact on the chemical properties of toluene molecules, making them more versatile.

Toluene substitution reaction is very important in organic synthesis. For example, it can be used in the preparation of various drugs, dyes, fragrances, and polymer materials. In addition to this, toluene substitution reaction is also widely used in the production of coatings and plastics.

In toluene substitution reactions, it is very important to select the appropriate substituents. Different substituents affect the structure and properties of the product substance. Therefore, in experiments, substituents need to be carefully selected and reaction conditions precisely controlled to achieve the desired chemical reaction.

In conclusion, toluene substitution reaction is a common organic chemical reaction. It has a wide range of applications and has had a profound impact on organic chemistry and materials science. <>

1. The method of toluene oxidation to generate benzoic acid: potassium permanganate oxidation or metal catalyst catalysis, and oxygen oxidation under heating.

2. The mechanism of oxidation by potassium permanganate to benzoic acid: the effect of the benzene ring on the methyl group is to make the methyl group easily oxidized to a carboxyl group, as long as the first carbon of the group hanging on the benzene ring contains hydrogen, no matter how complex the group is, it can be turned into a carboxyl group by oxytan, and the potassium permanganate can fade.

3. Toluene is a colorless volatile liquid with a special aromatic flavor. There is a benzene scent. It has strong refractive properties. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, acetone, chloroform, disulfide clever-chain carbon and glacial acetic acid, and is very slightly soluble in water.