What is the organizational form of mixed operation?

The mixed business model of countries around the world can be divided into three categories: mixed business financial holding model.

The universal banking model is represented by Germany, but also includes its neighbors Switzerland and the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Austria, etc. Commercial banks in these countries are legally required to engage in a wide range of financial services, including the acceptance of deposits and the granting of loans, the trading of various financial instruments and foreign exchange, the underwriting of bonds and economic operations, investment management and insurance. Both the British and American models focus on the establishment of internal and external firewalls in the organizational design to isolate the impact of risks in the first industry or other non-banking industries on the sound operation of the banking industry.

But the organizational form of the German universal bank did not have a firewall in place.

On the whole, mixed financial institutions have advantages in providing a full range of services, and the sharing of resources within the same institution is also conducive to reducing costs, so that consumers receiving financial services can benefit from comprehensive services and superior services. In contrast, professional institutions are weaker due to the singleness and concentration of their operations. Therefore, mixed business operation is biased towards efficiency, while separate business operation is biased towards safety and stability.

If the safety and stability of mixed operation can be solved, mixed operation will be better than separate operation.

Mixed business operation refers to the production or sale of goods at different tax rates, or the sale of goods and taxable services at the same time.

If the pilot taxpayers have different tax rates or levy rates for the sale of goods, the provision of processing and repair services or taxable services, and the sales amount is not separately calculated, the tax rate or levy rate shall be applied in accordance with the following methods:

1.If the sale of goods, the provision of processing, repair and repair services or taxable services at different tax rates are subject to the higher tax rate.

2.Where goods are sold at different rates, processing and repair services or taxable services are provided, the higher levy rate shall be applied.

3.If the sale of goods, the provision of processing, repair and repair services or taxable services with different tax rates and levy rates shall be subject to the higher tax rate.

Specifically, the business of commercial banking and investment banking (i.e., ** company) are mixed by the same banking institution, which is mixed operation.

The real mixed operation refers to the sharing of resources under the principle of risk control. There are many practical constraints on China's road to mixed industry operation: First, the regulatory pattern of separate industries will not change in the short term.

Second, some financial institutions do not consider the risks of mixed business operation enough, and they rush to embark on the road of mixed business operation, which is obviously blind. Thirdly, the improvement of relevant laws and regulations is far from a day's work. Finally, financial market risk is too concentrated.

The mixed operation of the financial industry refers to the mutual penetration and intersection of the business of banks, ** companies, insurance companies and other institutions, rather than being limited to the scope of their own separate businesses. Separate business operations mean that financial institutions are engaged in only one obligation.

1. A narrow concept.

It mainly refers to the business relationship between the banking industry and the first industry, and the financial mixed business operation means that the banking institution and the first institution can enter each other's field for business cross-operation.

2. Broad concept.

It refers to the business relationship between all financial industries, financial mixed operation, that is, banks, insurance, **, trust institutions and other financial institutions can enter any of the above business areas or even non-financial fields, business diversification.

1) The need to be profit-driven and risk diversification makes financial institutions pursue mixed business operations. Financial institutions that implement mixed business operations can take advantage of the economies of scale and scope formed by diversified operations to reduce costs; At the same time, it can also make profits through multiple channels; The high-risk nature of the financial industry has made it even more urgent for financial institutions to diversify their operations.

2) Financial globalization has prompted financial institutions to choose mixed operations. The size of a financial institution and the breadth and narrowness of its business scope determine its position in the competition. The intensification of economic and financial globalization has prompted countries around the world to abandon the original policy of financial division and control.

3) The development of information technology provides technical support for mixed business operation. The development of information technology, characterized by computers and the Internet, has greatly reduced the cost of financial communication and financial data processing, greatly improved the efficiency of financial management technology development and financial information dissemination, and thus improved the business expansion ability of financial institutions, so that they can enter non-traditional fields that they did not dare to enter or could not enter.

4) Financial innovations such as financial engineering and financial derivatives provide a new channel for mixed business operations. Since the fifties of the 20th century, financial innovation tools and innovative organizational forms have been greatly developed. For example, banks can enter the field through assetization, while institutions can encroach on the bank's deposit and loan business by creating a common form.

5) The fact that the widespread mixed business operation has forced the financial regulatory authorities of various countries to change their regulatory concepts and affirm this market phenomenon in the form of legislation. After years of separate supervision, the regulatory authorities of various countries have accumulated certain regulatory experience, and the regulatory means are becoming more and more mature. However, under the pressure of international competition, the regulatory authorities of various countries have relaxed their strict control over the business scope of financial institutions, and have adopted an attitude of tacit approval or even encouragement towards financial institutions to achieve mixed business operations through mergers and acquisitions, financial innovation and other means.

The so-called mixed operation refers to the general term for commercial banks and other financial enterprises to carry out multi-business, multi-variety, and multi-mode cross-operation and services in the monetary and capital markets in a scientific and organized manner. Mixed financial operation is a major trend in the world's financial development and one of the ultimate goals of China's financial reform. From the perspective of domestic and foreign situations, there are many recognized benefits of mixed business operation, such as:

It has created favorable conditions for a more rational use of funds and faster flows; It helps to create synergies between various areas of finance and reduce or avoid antagonistic effects; Contribute to the systematic monitoring of risks, etc. Only mixed operations can contribute to the systematic monitoring of risks.