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There are two types of staging methods commonly used. The first type is the I clinical staging method, which is divided into 0, i, , and stage. The clinical staging method is mainly based on a large number of case studies and follow-up results, and classifies and stages according to the survival rate of patients.
The other type is TNM staging. T represents local tumors, N represents regional lymph nodes, and M represents the presence or absence of distant metastases. TNM staging determines the size of the local tumor (T), the presence and extent of regional lymph node metastasis (N), and the presence or absence of distant metastases (M).
In the 40s of the 20th century, tumor staging was generally divided into localized, regional, and distant metastases, and long-term follow-up has shown the advantages of this staging method. The TNM staging method was established and refined on this basis. TNM staging describes in detail the extent of the tumor.
TNM stage can be further divided into clinical TNM stage (CTNM stage) and pathological TNM stage (PTNM stage), the latter of which is more valuable than the former in assessing prognosis and guiding **. Tumor size is closely related to lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis.
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It refers to the method of alternating the common method (tool method) with the retrospective method, also known as the round robin method or the alternating method.
Its advantage is that the use of retrieval tools, but also the use of the reference attached to the literature for traceability, the two methods alternately, phased and segmented use, can obtain a certain number of years of considerable literature clues, and can save retrieval time.
Absolutely Correct, Chapter 4, Literature Inquiry and Utilization.
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Trend analysis methods are generally divided into four categories: (1) longitudinal analysis methods; (2) Horizontal analysis method; (3) Standard analysis methods; (4) Comprehensive analysis method. In addition, there is a trend analysis in the trend analysis method.
Trend analysis uses regression analysis, exponential smoothing and other methods to analyze the data of financial statements, analyze their development trends, and produce possible development results. The following is a brief introduction to how to use the trend linear equation for trend analysis, and the other four types of methods are introduced later. The Trend Linear Equation is a common method used for trend analysis for sales and earnings.
The formula is expressed as: y a bxWhere:
A and b are constants, x is the value of the period coefficient, x is determined by the assignment, and x=0 is to be made. In order to make x 0. When the epoch number is even or odd, the values are assigned slightly differently.
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Generally speaking, there are four main methods of financial analysis:
1.Comparative analysis: It is to illustrate the quantitative relationship and quantitative differences between financial information, and to point out the direction for further analysis. This comparison can be between the actual and the plan, the current period with the previous period, or with other companies in the same industry;
2.Trend analysis: It is to reveal the changes in financial condition and operating results, as well as their causes and nature, and to help the future. The data used for trend analysis can be either absolute values, ratios, or percentage data;
4.Ratio analysis: It is through the analysis of financial ratios to understand the financial status and operating results of enterprises, often with the help of comparative analysis and trend analysis methods.
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Purpose and methodology of financial statement analysis.
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1. S (strength).
2. W (weakness).
refers to the aspects that are relatively weak in the competition. It is also an internal factor of the organization, including: aging equipment; management chaos; lack of key technologies; backward research and development; funding shortfalls; Mismanagement; product backlogs; Poor competitiveness, etc.
3. O (opportunity).
It is an external factor of the organization, including: new products; new markets; new demand; removal of market barriers; Competitor mistakes, etc.
4. T (threat).
are external factors to the organization, including: new competitors; an increase in alternative products; market tightening; changes in industry policies; economic recession; changes in customer preferences; emergencies, etc.
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1. S (strengths) is an advantage. including technical force; favorable competitive dynamics; Good corporate image; Economies of scale; product quality; market share; advertising campaigns, etc.
2. W (weaknesses) is a disadvantage. including equipment aging; Mismanagement; management chaos; lack of key technologies; backward research and development; funding shortfalls; product backlog, etc.
3. O (opportunities) is an opportunity. including new products; new demand; removal of barriers to foreign markets; Competitor mistakes, etc.
4. T (threats) is a threat. are external factors, including new competitors; an increase in alternative products; market tightening; changes in industry policies; economic recession; emergencies, etc.
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A common tool for opportunity and problem analysis is SW, OT analysis. He conducts a comprehensive assessment of the internal and external environment of the company and products through four basic indicators: opportunities, threats, strengths, and weaknesses.
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SWOT analysis, also known as situation analysis, is a method that can analyze and study the reality of a unit more objectively and accurately. The four letters SWOT represent four aspects: strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat.
On the whole, SWOT can be divided into two parts: the first part is SW, which is mainly used to analyze the internal conditions; The second part is OT, which is mainly used to analyze external conditions.
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S Strengths: What are the characteristics that distinguish you from your peers in the market and stand out?
w Disadvantages: What strengths do you lack that will allow you to stand out or continue to thrive in your industry?
o Opportunities: What are the trends in your industry and what opportunities are they likely to bring?
Challenge: What is the strength of your competitors and the nature of the current situation?
There are templates for SWOT analysis among Edraw Graphic Experts, all of which are very beautiful and easy to use.
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What are the four aspects of SWOT analysis like yours? I don't know much about this, because I don't know much about this, and I hope professional online games can give an answer.
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This aspect is a management issue such as the advantages and disadvantages of the environment.
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The staging and grading of the tumor is of great significance to the malignant tumor and the prognosis of the malignant tumor. The internationally accepted TNM staging method, T: tumor size and extent of local invasion, N: lymph node involvement, M: distant metastasis. The diagram shows the stage of lung cancer.
Stage of malignancy.
Staging definition. TIS in situ with no infiltration (confined to intraepithelial).
The primary site of T1 is smaller.
The primary site of T2 is larger.
T3 is larger and/or infiltrates beyond the margins of the primary organ.
T4 is very large and/or infiltrates into adjacent organs.
N0 has no lymph node metastases.
N1 localized lymph node metastases.
Extensive N2 lymph node metastases.
There are no distant metastases (hematologic metastases) at M0
Distant metastases of M1 (bloodstream metastases).
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T (tumor) refers to the condition of the primary tumor lesion, which is represented by T1 and T4 with the increase of tumor volume and the increase of the extent of involvement of adjacent tissues.
N (node) refers to the involvement of regional lymph nodes. When the lymph nodes are not affected, they are indicated by N0. With the increase of the degree and extent of lymph node involvement, it was expressed by N1 and N3 in turn.
M (metastasis) refers to distant metastases (usually hematogenous metastases), which are represented by M0 for those without distant metastases and M1 for those with distant metastases.
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1) Repayment of related land cores. If you repay a credit card with a debit card, the bank will automatically deduct the loan on the last repayment date every month. As long as you make sure that there is enough balance in the debit card, this method is very convenient and efficient.
2) Self-service machine repayment. Many supermarkets and shopping malls have self-service repayment machines, and you can use any bank debit card to repay your credit card. (3) Online repayment.
The official website of the bank generally supports credit card repayment, as well as mobile banking APP and WeChat of the card-issuing bank***. At the same time, Alipay, WeChat wallet and other tools can complete credit card repayment anytime and anywhere. There is also a more skillful trick is to use the repayment app, there is no handling fee for inter-bank transactions, and the bill installment can also be deferred for one month.
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Bill installment means that the credit card holder uses the credit card to make a purchase and then requests the credit card center to return the consumption amount to the bank in empty imitation installments. Credit card bill installment payment is the simplest installment payment method, you only need to call the bank's credit card center ** to apply for installment payment during the period between the bill date of the card consumption and the due date of repayment, or you can apply directly on the credit card app.
In layman's terms, credit card bill installment is when you can't pay off your credit card, you can use credit card bill installment to ease the repayment pressure. However, it is important to keep in mind that you will be responsible for the processing fee and interest associated with repayment in installments. That's a spectacular fee, given that recent banking financial reports show that credit card revenues account for nearly 30% of a bank's total profit.
Of course, whether to carry out credit card bill installment depends on personal circumstances, and we should enjoy the convenience brought by credit cards while making a little money for the bank.
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Segmentation is from the river space, the riverbed is divided into a number of dry foundation pits, and the construction is carried out in sections. Staging is temporal, and the diversion of the river is carried out in stages. If you have time, you can take a look at the general situation of the Three Gorges construction, and you will know that the Three Gorges diversion project, experts have used many methods, and the results are good.
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