The current situation of water pollution and propose effective measures Research Assignment 10

Human beings are facing the severe challenge of water pollution, among which domestic sewage is a major water pollution, this paper makes a brief analysis of the prevention and control of urban domestic sewage in China, and on this basis, puts forward the principles and methods that can be followed in the prevention and control of urban domestic sewage.

1. Overview of urban domestic sewage.

Among all the natural elements that sustain human existence, economic construction and social development, the importance of water cannot be overstated. However, with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the world is facing the challenges of water shortage and serious pollution.

China is particularly serious, is one of the world's 13 water shortage countries, more than 600 cities in the country is currently about half of the city water shortage, the deterioration of water pollution has made the water shortage worse: China's rivers and lakes are generally polluted, 75% of the country's lakes have varying degrees of eutrophication; 90% of urban waters are seriously polluted, and 60%-70% of the total water shortage in southern cities is caused by water pollution; According to the groundwater survey of 118 large and medium-sized cities in China, 115 cities have been polluted, of which about 40% are severely polluted. Water pollution reduces the use function of water bodies, aggravates the shortage of water resources, and has a negative impact on the implementation of China's sustainable development strategy.

China's water pollution mainly comes from two aspects, one is the excessive discharge of industrial wastewater in industrial development, and the other is the serious lack of urban sewage discharge and centralized treatment facilities in urbanization, and a large amount of domestic sewage directly enters the water body without treatment, causing environmental pollution. Although industrial wastewater has been reduced in recent years, urban domestic sewage has increased unabated, accounting for more than 51% of water pollution. According to the monitoring of the environmental department, in 1999, nearly 80 percent of the country's domestic sewage went directly into rivers, lakes and seas without treatment, and the annual sewage discharge reached 40 billion cubic meters, causing more than one-third of the country's water areas to be polluted.

1. According to the local situation, the all-round planning and design, the scientific and reasonable layout, the whole region adopts comprehensive prevention and control measures. In the development and construction of cities and industries, the problem of water pollution should be considered first, and preventive measures should be taken to anticipate the occurrence of water pollution; For domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater and other pollution sources to carry out comprehensive treatment and put an end to random discharge, in strict accordance with the provisions of the standards. The same type of wastewater is treated centrally, and it is more convenient to manage and treat.

Water bodies that have been polluted should be strengthened by planning and remediation.

2. Reduce and eliminate the amount of wastewater discharged by pollutants. First of all, the reform process can be used to reduce or even not discharge wastewater, or reduce the toxicity of toxic wastewater, and use sewage treatment ultraviolet sterilizer in the disinfection process to disinfect the water body, which can degrade and inactivate harmful substances in the water body, and there are no by-products. Second, reuse wastewater.

Try to use reused water and recycle water systems to reduce wastewater discharge or recycle production wastewater after proper treatment, and use reclaimed water to reuse ultraviolet sterilizers in this process to ensure that wastewater meets the standard of reuse. For example, the electroplating wastewater is circulated in a closed circuit, and the blast furnace gas washing wastewater is precipitated and cooled before being used for washing. Thirdly, control the concentration of pollutants in wastewater, ** useful products.

Try to separate the raw materials and products lost in the wastewater from the water, and ** on the spot, which can not only reduce the cost of production, but also reduce the concentration of wastewater. Fourth, dispose of urban garbage and industrial waste residue to avoid polluting water bodies due to the erosion and dissolution of precipitation or runoff.

3. Strengthen monitoring and management, and formulate laws and control standards. First, set up national and local environmental protection management institutions, implement relevant environmental protection laws and control standards, and coordinate and supervise various departments and factories to protect the environment and protect water sources. Second, it is necessary to promulgate relevant laws and regulations and formulate specific regulations for the protection of water bodies and the control and management of water pollution.

Construction projects that seriously pollute water bodies include papermaking, tanning, printing and dyeing, dyes, coking, sulfur refining, arsenic refining, oil refining, electroplating, pesticides, etc. In violation of the provisions of the construction or expansion of construction projects with serious pollution of water bodies in the quasi-protection zone of drinking water sources, or the reconstruction of construction projects to increase the amount of pollutant discharge, the competent department of environmental protection of the local people's ** at or above the county level shall order the illegal acts to stop, impose a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan, and report to the people with the right to approve for approval, and order them to be dismantled or closed.

Article 67 of the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law.

It is forbidden to build or expand construction projects that seriously pollute water bodies in quasi-protection zones for drinking water sources; Reconstruction and construction projects shall not increase the amount of pollutant discharge. These include:

1. It is forbidden to build, reconstruct, or expand production projects such as printing and dyeing, papermaking, tanning, electroplating, chemical industry, smelting, oil refining, brewing, chemical fertilizer, dye, and pesticides, or to discharge projects and facilities containing a class of pollutants stipulated by the state.

2. It is forbidden to set up warehouses or stacks of highly toxic substances.

3. It is forbidden to set up industrial wastes and other wastes and processing plants that pollute drinking water sources.

4. It is forbidden to stack, landfill and dump hazardous waste.

5. It is forbidden to raise pigs, cattle, sheep and other domestic animals.

6. It is forbidden to destroy forests for land reclamation and to plant fruits by destroying forests.

7. It is forbidden to build, reconstruct or expand quarries, clay and brick factories in the protected area.

The wisdom tree knows the answer to the "Water Pollution Control Technology" meeting class.

1. The design of the sewage treatment plant can generally be divided into three stages: the preliminary work of the design, the preliminary design stage, and the construction drawing design.

a.That's right. b.Mistake.

Correct Answer: a

2. The quantity of the main project: including the amount of concrete required for the project, the amount of excavation and filling, the amount of backfill earthwork, the volume of the pool, etc.

a.That's right. b.Mistake.

Correct Answer: a

1. In sewage treatment, according to the use and process layout of the sedimentation tank, it can be roughly divided into: primary sedimentation and secondary sedimentation.

a.That's right. b.Mistake.

Correct answer: B

2. The inclined plate (tube) sedimentation tank developed according to the "shallow pond theory". According to the direction of water flow, the inclined plate sedimentation tank can be divided into three forms: co-flow (water flow and sludge direction are the same), re-direction flow (water flow and sludge direction are opposite), lateral flow (water flow and sludge direction are perpendicular).

a.That's right. b.Mistake.

Correct Answer: a

1. Basic principles: legitimacy, advancement, reliability, safety, combined with the actual situation, conciseness and simplicity.

a.That's right. b.Mistake.

Correct Answer: a

2. Selection steps: implementation of code models and comprehensive comparison of equipment, facilities and instruments.

a.That's right. b.Mistake.

Correct answer: B

a.That's right. b.Mistake.

Correct Answer: a

1. The application of microfiltration membrane (MF) Lingcheng microfiltration membrane is mainly to intercept particles, bacteria and other pollutants from the gas phase and liquid phase to achieve the purpose of purification, separation and concentrationThat's right.

b.Mistake. Correct Answer: a

2. The application field of ultrafiltration membrane (UF) is mainly used for wastewater treatment in the early stage of the filtration membrane separation technology, with the development of ultrafiltration technologyThat's right.

b.Mistake. Correct Answer: a

3. The application of nano-speed membrane (NF) Lingcheng nanofiltration membrane separation technology is mainly used in Lingcheng involves: food industry, plant deep processing, beverage industry, deep processing of agricultural products, biomedicine, biological fermentation, AThat's right.

b.Mistake. Correct Answer: a

4. The application field of reverse osmosis membrane (RO) is applied to water treatment and heat sensitives.

a.That's right. b.Mistake.

Correct Answer: a