What are the historical records, and what are the contents of the Historical Records ?

Warring States Policy, Spring and Autumn Period, Historical Records, Zizhi Tongjian.

Sima Qian's work "Historical Records" of the Western Han Dynasty is divided into five parts: the book, the family, the biography, the table, and the book. The whole book of "Historical Records" includes 12 books, 30 families, 70 biographies, 10 tables, and 8 books.

1. The Present Chronicle. The records in this book are all emperors (except for Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu). "Benji" is the outline of the whole book, which takes the change of dynasties as the body, and records the emperor's speech and administrative achievements by year, month and time.

Among them, there are five articles that record the history of the pre-Qin period, in order of the Five Emperors, Xia, Yin, Zhou, and Qin; The seven chapters that record the history of the Qin and Han dynasties are Qin Shi Huang, Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, Lu Pheasant, the Emperor Liu Heng of the Han Dynasty, the Emperor Liu Qi of the Han Dynasty, and the Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty.

Second, the family. "The Family" records the hereditary historical sites of princely feudal kingdoms and the deeds of particularly important people. Such as "Jin Family", "Chu Family", "Chen Shi Family" and so on.

3. Biography. "Biography" is the life deeds of representatives of various aspects other than emperors and princes and the biographies of ethnic minorities. Such as "The Biography of Lao Tzu Han Fei", "The Biography of Sun Tzu Wu Qi", "The Biography of Lian Po Lin Xiangru" and so on.

Fourth, the table. "Table" uses ** to briefly list the lineage, characters and major events of historical events.

5. Books. The "book" describes the development of the system, covering the system of ritual music, astronomy and military law, social economy, and the geography of rivers and canals.

The Chronicles of the Chronicles is a biographical history book.

The "Historical Records" is divided into five parts: the book, the table, the book, the family, and the biography. Among them, the Hoki of Honbino and the biography of the column are the main body. It takes historical emperors and other political central figures as the main line of compilation of historical books, and the division of labor in various styles is clear.

Among them, the three parts of "Benji", "Shijia", and "Liebiography", which account for most of the book, are centered on writing characters to record history.

The Records of the Historian is a historical work compiled by Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty in China. The Records of the Historian is one of the most famous classical classics in ancient China, and together with the later Book of Han, Book of the Later Han Dynasty, and Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, it is known as the "First Four History".

The "Historical Records" originally did not have a fixed title, or "Taishi Gongshu", or "Taishi Gongji", also known as "Taishi Gongji", also known as "Taishi Gong". "Historical Records" was originally a common name for ancient history books, and since the Three Kingdoms period, "Historical Records" has gradually become a special name for "Taishi Gongshu" from the general name of historical books.

The "Historical Records" records the history of more than 3,000 years from the era of the Yellow Emperor in ancient Chinese legends to the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The book includes 12 books, 30 families, 70 biographies, 10 tables, and 8 books, with a total of 130 articles and more than 526,500 words. The author Sima Qian, with his historical knowledge of "studying heaven and man, through the changes of the past and the present, and becoming the words of a family", made the "Records of the Historians" the first and most famous general history of China.

The Records of the Historians had a profound impact on the development of historiography and literature in later generations. The method of compiling history in the form of chronicles pioneered by him has been inherited by the "official history" of later dynasties. At the same time, the Records of the Historian is also regarded as an excellent literary work and has an important position in the history of Chinese literature.

Lu Xun called it "the swan song of the historian, the rhyme of the separation".

The Historical Records was written from 104 BC to 91 BC, originally there was no title, Sima Qian completed this masterpiece and gave it to the scholar Dongfang Shuo at that time, Dongfang Shuo admired it very much, and added the word "Taishi Gong" to the book. "Taishi" is Sima Qian's official position, "Gong" is a good title, and "Taishi Gong" is just a work that indicates whose work. When Ban Gu's "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles" was written in this book, it was changed to "One Hundred and Thirty Chapters of Taishi Gongji", and later generations simplified it to "Taishi Gongji", "Taishi Gongshu", and "Taishi Gongchuan".

The "Historical Records" originally did not have a fixed title, or "Taishi Gongshu", or "Taishi Gongji", also known as "Taishi Gongji", also known as "Taishi Gong". "Historical Records" was originally a common name for ancient historical books, and since the Three Kingdoms, "Historical Records" has gradually become a special name for "Taishi Gongshu". Liang Qichao, a close friend, praised this masterpiece as "a masterpiece of the ages" ("On the General Trend of Changes in Chinese Academic Thought").

Lu Xun praised it as "the swan song of the historian, the rhymeless "Lisao" (Outline of the History of Chinese Literature).