Changes in Britain in 1750 and 1890 50

They were the first industrial revolution.

and the Second Industrial Revolution.

It can be concluded by comparing history books and materials.

Summary. Before the beginning of urbanization, Britain had become a commercial and handicraft society, and as early as around 1700, the composition of its labor force had reached 40% in handicrafts, about 20% in services, and only 40% in agriculture, which was the lowest proportion of agricultural labor in the country outside the Netherlands at that time. However, at this time, the urbanization rate in the United Kingdom was not high, only 13% in England and 5% in Scotland, which is not only lower than Italy, but also far lower than the nearly 30% urbanization rate in the Netherlands and Belgium.

However, Britain began to urbanize rapidly in 1780, and by 1850 England had reached an urbanization rate of 32%, and Scotland was the top two in Europe, while the urbanization rate in the rest of Europe remained little changed during this period, and even declined slightly in some areas. On the other hand, in 1750 only two cities in Britain were in the top 40 of European cities in terms of population, but in 1850 there were 20 cities on the list. This suggests that the urbanization process in Britain during this period was much faster and more dramatic than that of the slower industrialization process.

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Before the beginning of urbanization, Britain had become a commercial and handicraft society, and as early as around 1700, the composition of its labor force had reached 40% in handicrafts, about 20% in services, and only 40% in agriculture, which was the lowest proportion of agricultural labor in the country outside the Netherlands at that time. However, at this time, the urbanization rate in the United Kingdom was not high, only 13% in England and 5% in Scotland, which is not only lower than Italy, but also far lower than the nearly 30% urbanization rate in the Netherlands and Belgium. However, Britain began to urbanize rapidly in 1780, and by 1850 England had reached an urbanization rate of 32%, and Scotland was the top two in Europe, while the urbanization rate in the rest of Europe remained little changed during this period, and even declined slightly in some areas.

On the other hand, in 1750 only two cities in Britain were in the top 40 of European cities in terms of population, but in 1850 there were 20 cities on the list. This suggests that the urbanization process in Britain during this period was much faster and more dramatic than that of the slower industrialization process.

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In 1870, London, England, was in the heyday of Britain, the Victorian period, this year Europe was very turbulent, because in the Franco-Prussian War, Prussia occupied Paris, French culture and civilization, and European fashion all turned to London at once.

June of the year 1870 was also the year of the death of the great British writer Charles Dickens, in the bustle of London. London has bustling majestic urban buildings, as well as sewage-filthy urban slums!

The French Impressionists Monet and Pissarro both came to London as refugees, and in 1870 Monet was 30 years old and Pissarro was 40 years old.

They stayed until the end of the following year, and the Impressionist paintings were easily recognized and accepted by the citizens in the then open Paris, France, and the relatively conservative London was not very enthusiastic about the Impressionists, which was also a reason why many of the Impressionist paintings later flowed to the United States.

**Taken from a book in the collection of a rational career).

Elector of Hanover.

In 1692, Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor of the Habsburgs, appointed the Duke of Braunschweig-Lunniburg as the ninth hereditary elector of Hanover, in order to increase the chances of the Habsburg royal family being elected emperor.

Since then, the Duke of Braunschweig-Lüniburg and his descendants have taken the surname of the feudal kingdom and changed their surname to Han Fangsnovi.

Ernst Augustu (1692-1698).

Ge I Louis (1698-1727).

George II August (1727-1760).

George III (GE III, 1760-1803).

The title of Elector remained until 1814.

From 1714 onwards, the Elector of Hanover became King of England (see below), and Hanover was formed into a confederation with the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

The Elector of Hanover, on the other hand, was occupied by the French in 1803 until the fall of Napoleon in 1814, when Hanover was upgraded to a kingdom with the consent of the Great Powers.

King of Hanover.

In October 1814, the Congress of Vienna decided to elevate the Elector of Hanover to the Kingdom of Hanover and form a confederation with Great Britain in order to give the British crown a say in German affairs.

However, the confederation soon collapsed, and when King William IV died in 1837, the British throne passed to Victoria, Lord of Kent, who was closely related by blood.

However, due to the implementation of the Sari Law in Germany, women were forbidden to inherit the throne of the king's chamberlain.

His third uncle's throne of Hanover passed to his fifth uncle, the Duke of Cumberland.

By this time, however, Prussia had already begun to plot the great cause of unifying Germany.

In 1866, during the Austro-Prussian War, Prussia suddenly sent troops to occupy the Kingdom of Hanover, which was reorganized into a Prussian province.

The Kingdom of Hanover falls.

George III (1814-1820).

George IV (1820–1830).

Wilhelm (1830-1837).

Ernst August (1837-1851).

George V (GE V, 1851-1866).

The Elementary Education Act, also known as the Foster Act, was enacted in 1870, which marked the formal formation of the British national education system.

In the second half of the 19th century, with the completion of the British Industrial Revolution, compulsory education became a major issue of social concern, and in 1870, Britain promulgated the "Primary Education Act", also known as the "Foster Act".

In the second half of the 19th century, with the completion of the British Industrial Revolution, universal compulsory education became a major issue of social concern, and in 1870, Britain promulgated the "Primary Education Act", also known as the "Foster Act".

The purpose of the Act is to establish a public system of primary education on the basis of the improvement of the primary education established by existing religious and charitable organizations.

The main contents are: The state has the right to subsidize and supervise education. Establish local school committees to manage local education.

Compulsory primary education for children aged 5 to 12 years. Where there are no schools, private individuals are allowed to build schools within one year, and when they expire, the local school committees establish public schools. The secular subjects of the school are separated from the religious subjects.

The promulgation of the Primary Education Act marked the formal formation of the national primary education system, after which compulsory education was basically universalized in the United Kingdom.

The 9th century was the heyday of the British Empire.

1814: Stephenson invented the train.

In 1815, the Duke of Wellington defeated Napoleon at Waterloo in 1825: the train runs, the first economic crisis occurs.

1837: Queen Victoria ascended the throne [1837-1901, Queen Victoria was in power, the ** era of Britain, when the world's most advanced industrial country, ranked first in the world in terms of production and **, implemented the gunboat policy everywhere, seized maritime supremacy, invaded colonies, and looted the wealth of other countries. The British Empire dominated the world, ruling overseas over Europe, Asia, Africa, the United States, and Australia, and was known as the "empire on which the sun never sets."

1840: The Opium War was launched.

1842: The Treaty of Nanking is signed with China

1856: The Second Opium War was launched.

1858: The Treaty of Tientsin is signed with China

1859: Darwin published On the Origin of Species

1860: The Treaty of Peking is signed with China

A colony all over the world, a closed country, an industrial revolution completed, a closed and conservative economy, a capitalist economy, a small peasant economy, a ship, a cannon, a musket, a cannon, a big sword and spear.

Economically, China accounts for 20% of the world's gross domestic product. Militarily, China is a cold-weapon land war country. Politically, China was at the end of feudalism.

Culturally, China has entered the dead end of decay and rigidity of Cheng Zhu Lixue. In terms of people's livelihood, China's inflated population makes it impossible for the vast number of people to meet the food and clothing of the population. In terms of science and technology, empirical science has been completely surpassed by modern logical reasoning science.

There is a documentary "Magalny's Visit to China" (which seems to be the name) that says it very thoroughly.