Questions about chemical acids and alkaline solutions

Ammonia undergoes two changes when dissolved in water:

1. Synthesis with hydration: NH3 + H2O=NH3 H2O2, ionization of solute: NH3 H2O=NH4+ +OH- Because ionization produces OH-, the solution is alkaline, and ammonia is an alkaline solution.

NH3 H2O is a weak electrolyte with a small degree of ionization, comparable to acetic acid.

In the middle of the two formulas are reversible signs, no "=" This version is not easy to play, forgive me.

NH4OH is the way to write the old textbook a long time ago, and now you can't write it like this, and you have to deduct points

Ammonia is an aqueous solution of ammonia.

Ammonia is a mixture and the solute is mostly in the form of ammonia monohydrate NH3 H2O, i.e., in molecular form.

A small fraction of ammonia monohydrate ionizes to form ammonium ions and hydroxide ions.

It conforms to the characteristics of alkali, that is, all the anions generated during ionization are hydroxide ions, but his alkalinity is not strong and belongs to a weak base.

Ammonia dissolves in water to form hydrogen bonds, which makes ammonia quickly combine with water molecules, therefore, ammonia is very soluble in water, but in the form of NH3·H2O in aqueous solution, instead of NH4 and OH, write the chemical formula based on facts, so write NH3·H2O, not NH4OH, as for calling it a base, because it still has to ionize out OH, there is an ionization in 100g of ammonia water, ionization process, because it only has an ionization, not complete ionization, Therefore write the reversible symbol, nh3·h2o, nh4 oh

1. Neutralization reaction will occur when the acid solution and the alkali solution are mixed;

2. Neutralization reaction will occur when strong acid and strong base are mixed, and when the quantitative reaction occurs, pH=, the solution is neutral;

3. Neutralization reaction will occur when weak acid and strong alkali are mixed (for example: sodium hydroxide + acetic acid), and when the quantitative reaction is made, the pH is greater than.

The solution is weakly alkaline;

4. Neutralization reaction will occur when strong acid and weak alkali are mixed (for example: ammonia + hydrochloric acid), and when the quantitative reaction is carried out, the pH is less than.

The solution is weakly acidic;

5. For the quantitative mixing of acid-base neutralization reaction, acid-base indicator can be selected to indicate. Submit.

When an acid solution and a base solution are mixed, a neutralization reaction may occur. Acids and bases are a pair of opposing chemicals that can produce salt and water through a neutralization reaction.

The neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction between an acidic solution and an alkaline solution. In this reaction, hydrogen ions (H+) in acids and oxide ions (OH-) in bases combine to form water (H2O) and at the same time produce salts.

For example, mixing a sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution with a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution causes a neutralization reaction. The reaction equation is as follows:

h2so4 + 2naoh ->na2so4 + 2h2o

In this reaction, the sulfuric acid hydrogen ions and the sodium hydroxide oxide ions combine to form water and form sodium sulfate salt (Na2SO4).

Neutralization reactions are often accompanied by the formation of water, so an increase in the temperature of the reaction mixture is usually observed as water is a product of a thermochemical reaction. At the same time, if the concentration of acids and bases is appropriate, the neutralization reaction is also an exothermic reaction, that is, the reaction releases heat energy.

It is important to note that neutralization reactions between different acids and bases may produce different salts and waters. It depends on the chemical pairing of acids and bases.

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The mixing of acid-soluble solution and alkali solution will undergo a neutralization reaction to produce salt and water, accompanied by an exothermic reaction. The specific reaction equation is:

Acid (e.g. HCl) + base (e.g. NaOH) Salt (e.g. NaCl) + water For example, when sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is mixed with hydrochloric acid (HCl), a neutralization reaction occurs to produce sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O). It is an exothermic reaction because the energy is released.

In addition, other manifestations of the neutralization reaction include changes in pH (usually pH 7 after neutralization), changes in color, changes in rotational properties to light, etc. It should be noted that the amount and concentration of the lead-combined acid-alkali solution need to be strictly controlled when mixing the stage, so as to avoid contamination or damage caused by the remaining substances in the reaction process.

Hydrochloric acid volume 11 V

Concentration 10-5

moll sodium hydroxide volume 9 V

The concentration is the same. Therefore, the theoretical hydrogen ion concentration c(h+)=2v*10-5 20v=10-6mol l

The concentration is too small, so the ionization of water needs to be considered.

h2o<=>h+

oh-kw=c(h+)c(oh-)=10-14

The initial concentration of hydrogen ions is equivalent to 10-7 + 10-6 = 10-7 hydroxide

So (solution x 9*10-8.)

So c(h+)=

pH = approximately equal to 6

The second is pH = 5 that is, the hydrogen ion concentration is 1*10-5, the pH = 9 hydroxide concentration is 1*10-5, and after mixing, the hydrogen ion concentration is 1*10-6, so it is c....

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