The main achievements of Gustav Robert Kirchhoff

Grotowski breaks with the traditional model of theatrical performance and strives to create a more intimate relationship between the actor and the audience. He removed the boundaries between the stage and the audience, allowing the audience to be immersed in the entire performance. He also required the actors to have superb performing arts, so he developed a set of training methods for actors, so that the actors can complete real theatrical actions in communication and contact with the audience.

His experiments and innovations are known as the Rustic Theatre. In the 60s and 70s, his experimental activities were admired by the theater circles of Europe and the United States, and were all the rage.

He was also invited to participate in academic conferences and lectures in many countries, including Italy, Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union. In 1975, he was the director of the International Theatre University hosted by the ITI in Wroclaw, Poland. The Italian dramatist Eugenio Barba collected his **, interviews and related materials into "Towards the Theatre of Poverty", which was published in Denmark in 1968 and published in England the following year, with the Chinese translation of "Towards Rustic Theatre".

Peter. In his "Preface" to the English version of Toward a Poor Theatre, Brooke said of Jerry. Grotowski: "Grotowski is a great character.

The Eiffel Tower is an iconic building in Paris. Along with the Empire State Building in New York and the TV Tower in Tokyo, it is known as one of the world's three most famous buildings.

In 1889, the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution, Paris celebrated with a major international exposition. The most striking exhibit at the fair is the Eiffel Tower. It became a symbol of the Industrial Revolution that swept the world at that time.

The Eiffel Tower was designed by the French architect Gustave Eiffel. In his early years, he was known as an expert in bridge design. His life was full of masterpieces that spread all over the world, but it was the tower that made him famous all over the world.

At the beginning, although France** decided to build a large iron tower in the world, in Paris, the funds provided were only 1 5 of the required cost. In order to realize his design, Eiffel mortgaged his construction company and all his property to a bank as an investment in the project.

On January 28, 1887, the construction of the Eiffel Tower began. 250 workers worked eight hours a day in the winter and 13 hours a day in the summer, and on March 31, 1889, the steel tower was completed. The Eiffel Tower has more than 10,000 metal parts, weighs 7,000 tons, and is constructed with 7 million holes and 2.5 million rivets.

Since each component on the tower is strictly numbered in advance, there is no mistake in assembly. The construction was carried out in full accordance with the design, and no changes were made in the middle, which shows the rationality of the design and the accuracy of the calculation. According to statistics, there are more than 5,300 design sketches of the tower alone, including 1,700 full drawings.

The Eiffel Tower was 300 meters high and was the tallest building in the world until 1930. Today, radio and television antennas have been added to the tower, and its total height has reached 320 meters. Standing on the tower, the whole of Paris is at your feet.

Tourists from all over the world come to visit every day. By 1988, the Iron Lady had welcomed hundreds of millions of visitors from five continents.

On March 31, 1989, the Eiffel Tower turned 100 years old. For this reason, the Eiffel Tower Management Company specially presided over a grand commemorative event, recreating the historical scene of the summit led by the people to the summit 100 years ago: "Eiffel" dressed in a black dress, wearing a wide-brimmed top hat and holding a national flag, and 30 "celebrities" and "construction workers" climbed the stairs to the solemn drum music.

When he planted the tricolor flag on the top of the tower, a 21-gun salute was fired, a flock of pigeons flew around the tower, and colorful balloons floated into the blue sky. On the fence of the platform on the second floor of the tower, a colorful banner reading "Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Tower" is written in the languages of various countries in the world. Countless tourists have been waiting to witness this spectacular spectacle.

The Eiffel Tower has survived a hundred years of wind and rain, but after a major renovation in the early 80s of this century, it still stands majestically on the banks of the Seine. It is the pride of all the French people.