What are the three of the Silk Roads, and who led them, and the years through which they passed?

The basic direction of the Silk Road was formed in the Han Dynasty after BC. Its eastern starting point is Chang'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, through Longxi, and then through the four counties of Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Dunhuang in the Hexi Corridor, out of Yumen Pass or Yangguan, through Bailongdui to Loulan in the Lop Nur area. In the Han Dynasty, the Western Regions were divided into the south and the north, and the bifurcation point of the north and south roads was in Loulan.

The north road goes west, passing through Quli, Qiuzi, Gumo to Shule. The south road is from Shanshan, through the end of the road, Jingjue, Khotan, Pishan, Shache to Shule. From Shule to the west, cross the green ridge to Dawan.

From here, you can go west to Bactria and Sogdia and rest in peace, and as far as the plough of Great Qin. The other road is to go southwest from Pishan, cross the hanging crossing, pass through Zongbin and Wuyi Mountain, and go southwest to Tiaozhi. If you head south from Poppy to the mouth of the Indus River, you can also reach places such as Persia and Rome by sea.

Since the Han Dynasty, the Chinese have opened a shipping route from Guangdong to India. After the Song Dynasty, with the further development of southern China and the southward shift of the economic center of gravity, the sea routes from Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Hangzhou and other places became increasingly developed, going farther and farther, from the South Seas to the first sea, and even as far as the east coast of Africa. People call these sea routes the "Maritime Silk Road".

The founder of the Silk Road was Zhang Qian.

Zhang Qian (c. 164 BC, 114 BC), Ziwen, was a native of Chenggu, Hanzhong County (now Chenggu County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province). An outstanding diplomat, traveler, explorer and pioneer of the Silk Road in the Han Dynasty of China, his hometown is in Bowang Village, 2 kilometers south of Chenggu County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province. Normal.

Zhang Qian is full of pioneering and adventurous spirit, in the second year of the founding of the Western Han Dynasty (139 years before the loss), by the order of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, from the Han Emperor's capital Chang'an, Gan's father as a guide, led more than 100 people to the Western Regions. The north-south road to the Western Regions of the Han Dynasty was opened, that is, the famous Silk Road, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made him the Marquis of Bowang with military merits.

The significance of the Silk Road

The Silk Road is a trade route connecting China and the West in ancient times, generally referring to the land Silk Road, and in a broad sense, it is divided into the land Silk Road and the maritime Silk Road. The overland Silk Road originated in the Western Han Dynasty, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian as an envoy to the Western Regions to open up an overland passage starting from the capital Chang'an (now Xi'an) and connecting the countries of the Mediterranean.

Zhang Qian made two missions to the Western Regions, opening up land transportation between China and Central Asia, West Asia, South Asia and even to Europe, and since then the Chinese have been able to go to the Western Regions and Central Asia and other countries through this passage for silk, tea, lacquerware and other products. At the same time, gemstones, glassware and other products were imported from Europe, West Asia and Central Asia. Zhang Qian is known as the pioneer of the Silk Road and the first Chinese to open his eyes to the world.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Zhang Qian.

The Silk Road (German: die seidenstra e), often referred to simply as the Silk Road, was first used by the German geographer Ferdinand von Richthofen's China - meine reise - ergebnisse, published in 1877.

The Silk Road usually refers to the trade routes in northern Eurasia, in contrast to the ancient tea and horse road in the south, Zhang Qian in the Western Han Dynasty and Ban Chao in the Eastern Han Dynasty opened up a land passage in the Western Regions starting from Chang'an (now Xi'an) and Luoyang, passing through Gansu and Xinjiang to Central Asia and West Asia, and connecting the countries of the Mediterranean. This road was also known as the "Land Silk Road" to distinguish it from the other two transportation routes that would later bear the name "Silk Road". Silk products were the most influential among the goods transported west by this road, hence the name.

Its basic direction is fixed.

Silk Road. Silk Road.

During the Han Dynasty, it included three routes: the South Road, the Middle Road, and the North Road.

The Silk Road, in a broad sense, refers to the general term for long-distance commercial and cultural exchange routes that have been formed since antiquity and spread throughout Eurasia and even North and East Africa. In addition to the above-mentioned routes, the Steppe Silk Road, which was formed around the 5th century BC, the Maritime Silk Road, which was formed in the early Middle Ages and played a huge role in the Song Dynasty, and the Southern Silk Road, which appeared at the same time as the Northwest Silk Road and replaced the Northwest Silk Road as a road communication route in the early Song Dynasty.

Although the Silk Road is the product of the joint economic and trade development of countries along the route, many people believe that China's Zhang Qian opened up a new era of Sino-foreign exchanges by connecting the Western Regions twice. And successfully lifted the last bead curtain between the East and the West. Since then, this route has been stepped out as a "national highway", and envoys, merchants, and missionaries from various countries have been coming and going along the road opened by Zhang Qian.

From princes and nobles to beggars and prisoners, they have all left their footprints on this road. This east-west route closely links the Central Plains and the Western Regions with Arabia and the Persian Gulf. After centuries of continuous efforts, the Silk Road stretched westward to the Mediterranean.

In a broad sense, the eastern section of the Silk Road has reached Korea and Japan, and the western section has reached France. It can also reach Italy and Egypt by sea, and has become a friendship road for economic and cultural exchanges between Asia, Europe and Africa.

Route: Chang'an, Hexi Corridor. Present-day Xinjiang region, West Asia, the Mediterranean, and Roman countries.

The Silk Road, referred to as the Silk Road BAI, was the earliest.

DU originated in the Western Han Dynasty, in general.

Zhi refers to the land silk road, and in a broad sense, it is divided into the land silk road and the sea silk road.

The overland Silk Road originated from the Western Han Dynasty (202-8 BC) when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions to open up a land passage starting from the capital Chang'an (now Xi'an), passing through Gansu and Xinjiang, to Central Asia and West Asia, and connecting the Mediterranean countries. Its original role was to transport silk produced in ancient China. In 1877, the German geographer Richthofen named "the Silk Road" in his book "China", "from 114 BC to 127 AD, between China and Central Asia, China and India with silk ** as the medium of this Western Regions", this term was quickly accepted by the academic community and the public, and officially used.