What are the dangers of nerve damage? What are the dangers of nerve damage?

The risk of anesthesia, the risk of bleeding, damage to the chordae tympanosum nerve caused by hypogeusia, facial nerve damage, failure of the artificial tympanic membrane to survive the operation, infection, hearing loss, etc., the risk is that there may be some secondary injuries within the scope of the operation, but the probability of this is very low, the tympanic membrane repair surgery is already a very high success rate of surgery, the most likely to occur is whether the hearing can be slightly improved, the survival of the artificial tympanic membrane, choose a hospital with good technology, the success rate is still improved. If the facial nerve is injured proximal to the tympanochorda, the ipsilateral anterior lingual2 3 taste sensation is also lost. Facial paralysis usually occurs 5 to 7 days after injury, usually due to hemorrhage, ischemia, edema, or compression.

Binocular visual impairment, visual field defects, facial sensory disturbances, weakness in chewing 1Brachial plexus injury: motor and sensory impairment with a radiculographic distribution.

Injuries to the upper brachial plexus manifest as drooping of the entire upper extremity, adduction of the upper arm, inability to abduct and external rotation, adduction and straightening of the forearm, inability to pronunate or flex, and a narrow area of sensory impairment on the lateral side of the scapula, upper arm, and forearm. Injuries to the lower brachial plexus are characterized by atrophy of all the small muscles of the hand in a claw-shaped shape, sensory loss on the ulnar side of the hand and medial forearm, and sometimes Horner's syndrome. 

2.Axillary nerve injury: dyskinesia, reduced abduction of the shoulder joint. Deltoid region** sensory disturbances. The corneal muscles atrophy, the shoulder loses the appearance of a rounded bulge, and the acromion protrudes, forming a "square shoulder".

3.Musculocutaneous nerve injury: The musculocutaneous nerve exits from the lateral fascicle, passes diagonally through the coracobrachialis muscle, descends between the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles, and sends out branches innervating the three muscles mentioned above.

The terminal ramus is located on the lateral side slightly above the elbow joint, penetrates the deep fascia of the arm, and is renamed the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm, which is distributed on the outside of the forearm**. ** Sensory deficits in the biceps, brachii and lateral forearm after musculocutaneous nerve injury. 

4.Median Nerve Injury: Section.

loss of flexion function of the first, second, and third fingers; loss of thumb-to-palm movement; atrophy of thenar muscles, apefoot deformity; Distal sensation of the index and middle fingers is absent. 

5 Radial nerve injury: Radial nerve injury is the most susceptible of all nerves in the body and is often complicated by mid-humeral fracture. The main manifestation is the loss of wrist extension force, and "hanging wrist" is a typical disease; loss of thumb abduction and finger extension; The sensation between the first and second metacarpal bones on the back of the hand is completely lost.

6.Ulnar nerve injury: distal segments of the fourth and fifth fingers cannot be flexed; interosseous muscle paralysis, loss of adduction and abduction of fingers; thenar atrophy and flattening; The little finger sensation is completely gone. 

7.Femoral nerve injury: dyskinesia, paralysis of the anterior femoris muscles, difficulty lifting the leg when walking, inability to extend the calf. Sensory disturbances, sensory disturbances in the front of the thigh and medial aspect of the calf**. The quadriceps muscles are atrophied and the patella is prominent. Absent knee reflexes. 

8.Sciatic nerve injury: the clinical presentation of a complete sciatic nerve injury is similar to that of a tibiofibular nerve injury to the symphysis of the tibiofibular nerve.

The ankle and toe joints are involuntary, the foot drops and appears as a horseshoe-like deformity, and the ankle joint can move in a rocking motion with the affected limb. Calf muscles atrophy, loss of Achilles tendon reflexes, weak knee flexion, and normal knee extension. In addition to the medial calf**, sensation in the calf ** often manifests only as hypoesthesia due to compensation for compression of the cutaneous nerve.

In partial sciatic nerve injury, the biceps femoris muscles are often paralyzed, while the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles are rarely affected. In addition, throbbing, tingling, or burning pain in the calves or soles of the feet is common. 

9. Common peroneal nerve injury: pendicular foot deformity, in order to prevent the toes from dragging on the ground, the patient walks with his feet raised and shows a spanning gait; The feet and toes cannot be dorsally extended, nor can they be abducted or valgus; Loss of sensation on the dorsum of the foot and anterolateral aspect of the little toe. 

Clause. 1. Active movement disorder, after peripheral nerve injury, the muscles innervated by it are actively dyskinesia, muscle tone also disappears, often flaccid paralysis, after nerve trunk injury, there is a loss of balance between the paralyzed muscles and the antagonistic muscles, dynamic deformity can occur, the longer the injury, the more obvious the deformity, it must be pointed out that contractures and deformities are completely different.

Clause. 2. Sensory dysfunction, after peripheral nerve injury, the sensation in the ** area innervated by its sensory fibers should disappear, but the distribution of ** sensory nerves is reset to each other, and the sensory hypoesthesia area is formed at the beginning and becomes the intermediate area.

Clause. 3. Reflex loss, after the peripheral nerve is completely disconnected, all the reflexes conducted by it disappear, but the reflex activity will also disappear when some nerves are damaged, so the reflex activity disappears cannot be used as an evaluation index of the severity of nerve injury.

Neuropathic injuries include cranial nerve injury and peripheral nerve injury. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, and different symptoms appear after injury, olfactory nerve damage can produce olfactory impairment, and optic nerve damage can lead to vision loss and even blindness. Oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, and abducens nerve damage may cause symptoms such as eye movement disorders, drooping eyelids, and double vision.

There are many causes of nerve injury, including ischemic nerve injury and long-term nerve damage caused by mechanical traumatic compression, such as carpal tunnel syndrome or cervical spondylosis caused by cervical disc herniation compressing nerve roots. Immune-related nerve injury is also a common cause, such as acute inflammatory demyelinating disease (commonly referred to as Guillain-Barré syndrome) that occurs in motor nerve roots. In addition, poisoning and infection can lead to nerve damage.

Certain metabolic diseases, such as peripheral neuropathy caused by diabetes, are also common causes of nerve damage.

Extended information] Nerve injury refers to a variety of ** caused by peripheral nerve or central nervous system lesions, some patients may be due to the existence of some metabolic diseases, such as diabetic patients, easy to cause peripheral nerve damage, and some patients if there is trauma, such as fractures, easy to lead to ulnar nerve, radial nerve, sciatic nerve and other nerves damage.

In some patients, if there are lesions of the central nervous system, such as cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, infection of the central nervous system, intracranial metastases or primary central nervous system tumors or craniocerebral trauma, etc., it may lead to nervous system damage, and patients will have corresponding symptoms.

In the case of peripheral nerve damage, these patients often experience pain, numbness, and weakened limb strength in areas where the nerves are distributed.

Nerve injury includes central nervous system injury and peripheral nerve injury, central nervous system injury mainly refers to nerve damage to the brain and spinal cord, peripheral nerve injury such as nerve injury in the limbs belongs to the category of peripheral nerve injury, nerve injury mainly includes conservative and surgery, conservative is mainly the application of neuroprotective agents and the application of improving circulation for nerve function, and cranial nerve function can be restored, if it cannot be recovered, surgery may be required**, For example, optic nerve damage and auditory nerve damage are possible. Nerve injuries include central nervous system injuries and peripheral nerve injuries

The causes of nerve injury are diverse and complex, and they mainly boil down to the following categories: 1. Metabolic diseases. 2. Inflammation.

3. Degenerative diseases. 4. Neoplastic diseases. 5. Infectious diseases.

6. Endocrine and glandular diseases. 7. Hereditary diseases. 8. Poisoning and traumatic diseases.

9. Cerebrovascular diseases.

Here are some specific examples, such as metabolic diseases: polyneuropathy due to diabetes, multiple peripheral nerve damage due to chronic alcoholism. Inflammatory diseases mainly refer to non-specific silver mask inflammation and immune inflammation, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and multiple sclerosis.

Degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alheimer's dementia, multiple system atrophy, motor neuron disease. Neoplastic disease, paramuffy tumor front rental syndrome can lead to damage to motor, sensory, autonomic and other nerves. Infectious diseases mainly refer to specific inflammations, such as encephalitis and myelitis caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses.

Endocrine and glandular diseases: such as hyperthyroid myopathy caused by hyperthyroidism. Inherited disorders such as Wilson's disease, myotonic dystrophy.

Poisoning, traumatic diseases such as botulism, gas poisoning, nerve entrapment injury. Cerebrovascular disease mainly refers to nerve damage caused by cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, venous sinus thrombosis, etc.

Nerve damage is severe.

It includes peripheral nerve damage and central nervous system damage.

When the nerve is damaged, the injured location will have problems such as inflexibility, numbness, and in severe cases, there will be no sensation.

If the tendon reflexes are weakened or disappear, it will directly affect the normal walking of the patient.

Therefore, the patient should go to the hospital for examination in time after the injury, and then carry out the corresponding ** according to the cause.

Serious nutrition, movement, sensory and other aspects can occur in the area of nerve damage, and the main cause of this disease is external force pulling the damaged area of the patient, or because of the trauma causing nerve damage in the area.

When this happens, the patient should go to the hospital in time to receive **, if the best ** period is missed, the recovery effect will become very poor, and if the condition is allowed to continue to be serious, it may endanger their own life.

Nerve damage can be relieved somewhat by taking Chinese medicine.

Classification of nerve injuries.

These include: 1) Olfactory nerve injury Ethmoid fracture or frontal basilar cerebral contusion is common, such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage and partial or complete loss of olfactory sensation on one or both sides.

2) Optic nerve injury is often accompanied by anterior and middle fossa fractures involving the orbital apex and optic canal. The patient experienced vision loss or even blindness immediately after the injury, and the direct light reflex was absent, while the indirect light reflex was normal. If the optic chiasm is damaged, binocular vision is impaired and the visual field is defected.

3) Oculomotor, trochlea, abduction, and ophthalmic branch injuries of the trigeminal nerve often present with sphenoid winglets, petrous temporal bone, and maxillofacial fractures. In oculomotor injuries, diplopia, ptosis, mydriasis, loss of light reflexes, and outward and inferior eyeball deviation may be seen in oculomotor injuries; trochlear nerve injury may show diplopia with downward gaze; Abducens nerve injury can lead to limited abduction and inward oblique of the affected eyeball; Trigeminal nerve injury may include loss of corneal reflexes, facial sensory deficits, weakness in chewing, and occasionally trigeminal neuralgia.

4) Facial and auditory nerve injuries often have petrous and foramen fractures of the temporal bone, and facial paralysis, ipsilateral anterior 2 3 loss of taste, keratitis, tinnitus, vertigo, and neurological deafness occur at different times after injury.

5) Glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal nerve injuries rarely occur. Occipital fractures are common. Manifestations include dysphagia, loss of the gag reflex, loss of taste in the postlingual 1 3, hoarseness, shoulder drop, atrophy of the tongue muscles on the injured side, and tongue protrusion on the affected side.

Collapse this paragraph of diagnosis.

1) Cranial X-ray, skull base tomography, CT scan to infer cranial nerve injury by the direction of the fracture line; (2) MRI thin-slice scan of the skull base occasionally showed nerve root swelling, bleeding and rupture;

3) Electrophysiological examination: evoked potentials can detect optic nerve and auditory nerve damage;

4) Electromyography can measure the damage of the facial nerve and determine the prognosis.

Collapse this section of the disease** method.

Folded non-surgical**.

1) Dehydration drugs to relieve intracranial pressure and nerve edema. Commonly used 20% mannitol 150 200ml intravenous infusion, 1 2 times a day.

2) Glucocorticoids** to protect nerves, dexamethasone 10mg intravenous infusion is commonly used, 1 2 times a day.

3) Drugs to dilate blood vessels and improve microcirculation are commonly used with 10mg intravenous infusion, 1 2 times a day. Low molecular weight dextran 500ml intravenous infusion, 1 2 times a day.

4) Neurotrophic and metabolic drugs commonly used are energy mixture, cerebrophyllin, GM1, nerve growth factor and <>

Nerve damage is insurable. Micobao was given an intravenous infusion of 500 g 1 2 times a day, and after 10 days, it was changed to oral infusion 3 times a day.