Comrades, what happened to the complex, let me explain it in detail

Complexes What I came into contact with was the purple complexes produced by the reaction of the biuret reagent with the opal.

A molecule or ion with different properties from the original component formed by a certain number of ligands (anions or molecules) binding around the central ion (or neutral atom) through a coordination bond is called a complex. Coordination compounds are referred to as complexes (complexes). [Cu(NH3)4]SO4, [PT(NH3)2C12], K4[Fe(CN)6], etc. are complexes.

The composition of the complex is illustrated by taking [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 as an example.

1) The central ions of the complex are mostly transition metal ions, such as Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Ag+, CO3+, etc. (2) Ligands (formerly known as ligands) can be molecules, such as NH3, H2O, CO, or anions, such as CN-, F-, Cl-, SCN-. Ligands all have lone pairs of electrons ( ) like NH3, CO, etc.

3) The number of central ions bound to the ligand is called the coordination number, and the most common coordination numbers are 4 and 6. (4) The central ion and ligand form a coordination body, which is included in square brackets. A charged coordination body is called a ligand (formerly known as a complex ion).

For example, [Cu(NH3)4]2+ is a matching cation and [Fe(CN)6]4- is a matching anion. They each form complexes with oppositely charged ions, such as [Cu(NH3)4]SO4, K4[Fe(CN)6]. Some coordination bodies are neutral compounds, such as [PT(NH3)2Cl2] itself as a complex.

A small part of the complex dissociates in the aqueous solution, and there is an ionization equilibrium [Ag(NH3)2]+ AG++2NH3. Ligands (or central molecules) are generally stable in crystals and solutions. Complexes are named according to the following principles:

1) Anions in the front and cations in the back. (2) For neutral or cationic complexes, the ligand is first named, and the word suffix is "he" and the metal name; The name of the metal is followed by a Roman numeral in parentheses to indicate the oxidation number of the metal. (3) When there are different ligands in the same complex, the anion comes first, and the neutral molecule comes last.

4) When there is more than one ligand of the same ligand, the prefix.

Second, third-class prefixes. For example, potassium K4[Fe(CN)6]ferric( ) hexacyanide.

Cu(NH3)4]SO4 copper tetraaminophosphate( )PT(NH3)2Cl2]Dichloro·diaminoplatin( ) Due to the unique properties and wide use of complexes, coordination chemistry has now been formed. It is closely related to inorganic, analytical, organic, and physical chemistry, and has a wide range of uses in biochemistry, agricultural chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and chemical engineering. Complexes are widely used as chromogens, indicators, extractants, masking agents, etc. in analytical chemistry.

Complexes are also commonly used as catalysts. Chlorophyll, heme and b12 are important complexes.

It should be the comrades working together.

This is a problem in the field of chemistry, and complexes are now generally called coordination compounds, or complexes for short. The definition of complexes is difficult to come by, and many inorganic substances can be regarded as complexes. It can be roughly defined as follows:

Coordination compounds are a class of complex compounds composed of a central metal atom (or ion) and a ligand with coordination bonds. Ligands can be inorganic molecules, ions, organic compounds. After the formation of ligands, the properties of the central metal atom (ion) often change.

I don't know if you're satisfied with this answer?

It is a coordination compound, also called a complex, in fact, this simple point is understood as a compound formed by the combination of a complex ion and another ion; The complex point is due to the hybridization of atomic orbitals, that is, the theory of atomic orbital hybridization, according to the structure of the outer electron shell of the atom, the central ion provides empty orbitals and the ligand body provides lone pairs, so complexed.

I know. But it can't be hit.

Please, read the inorganic chemistry book!

Complexation is the process by which electron pairs donors and electron acceptors interact with each other to form various complexes.

The donor body has atoms or ions, whether constituent elements or compounds, and any substance that can provide electron pairs, and the acceptor body has metal ions and organic compounds. The process by which a molecule or ion combines with a metal ion to form a very stable new ion is called a complexation reaction, also known as a coordination reaction.

It is formed by the combination of a positive ion or atom and a certain number of neutral molecules or negative ions with a coordination bond, and the complex ion or molecule that can exist stably is called complex ion. Compounds containing complex ions are called complexes, and this reaction of complex ions or complex molecules is called complexation reaction.

The essence of the complexation reaction.

According to the classical Arrhenius theory, almost all salts cannot be completely dissociated, i.e., only a few hydrated metal ions have no tendency to form complexes with anions at all.

Only alkali and alkaline earth metal ions often exist in the form of completely hydrated ions. They form complexes only when they react with a complex agent with a strong complexing ability, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Generally speaking, the salts of other groups of metals cannot be completely dissociated into hydrated metal ions and anions.

The above content reference:

To give you a few simple examples: Fe3+ and SCN- and the formation of a silver ammonia solution are complexation reactions.

In high school, there is very little contact, basically only FE3+ and SCN-, and basically only appear in multiple-choice questions, in short, if such a reaction can occur, it cannot coexist. Don't worry about anything else, if you want to go to college.

The reaction between the ligand and the ligand (usually the metal ion) to form a coordination compound through the binding of the coordination bond used to be called the coordination site, and the corresponding reaction is called the coordination reaction... But now it's basically called "complex" and "complexation reaction". Because the concept of complexation is more appropriate, it also includes the meaning of chelation reaction, and coordination reaction usually refers to the case of multiple parts.

Complexes are made up of a mixture of two or more substances, but they still retain their original properties and structure.

Complexes, also known as coordination compounds. Any structural unit formed by two or more molecules or ions containing lone pairs (or bonds) as ligands and central atoms or ions with empty valence electron orbitals is called a complex unit, and a complex unit with an electric charge is called a complex ion. Electrically neutral complexing units or compounds consisting of complex ions and oppositely charged ions are called complexes.

Coordination compounds are referred to as complexes, also known as miscomplexes and complexes, which are a class of compounds with characteristic chemical structures, which are formed by the combination of central atoms or ions (collectively referred to as central atoms) and molecules or ions called ligands (referred to as ligands) around it, completely or partially formed by coordination bonds.

Coordination compound (coordinationcompound) referred to as complex, also known as miscombination, complex, is a class of compounds with characteristic chemical structure, composed of the central atom or ion (collectively referred to as the central atom) and the molecule or ion around it called the ligand (referred to as ligand), completely or partially formed by the coordination bond.

Basic composition. The complex is composed of a central atom, a ligand, and an external body, such as copper tetraamino( ) sulfate with the formula Cu(NH3)4 SO4 coordination compound.

The central atom can be a charged ion, as in Cu(NH3)4 The cu ligand in SO4 gives lone pairs or multiple amorphous electrons, and the central atom accepts lone pairs or multiple amorphous electrons to form a coordination bond that binds the two. For example, K4 [Fe(CN)6], [Cu(NH3)4] SO4, [PT(NH3)2Cl2] and [Ni(CO)4] are complexes. Where:

cn:-, NH3, and Co are ligands, and all have lone pairs of electrons ( )Fe2+, Cu2+, Pt2+, and Ni are the central atoms, and all of them can accept lone pairs. The ligand and central atom form the coordination body, which is included in square brackets.

The complexes undergo partial dissociation in solution, but still tend to retain their bodies. All metals in the periodic table can be central atoms, with transition metals (see transition elements) forming complexes more easily. Nonmetals can also act as central atoms.

There are two types of ligands: single-tooth ligands and multi-tooth ligands. There is only one coordination atom in a single tooth, e.g. Cn-, Co, NH3 and Cl- are all single-tooth ligands, and the coordination atoms are C, N and Cl respectively, which are directly bonded to the central atom. Polydentate has two or two to coordinate compounds.

Upcoordination atoms: ethylenediamine H2NCH2CH2NH2 is a double-toothed ligand, and the coordination atom is two N atoms; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA4-) (OOCCH2)2N-CH2-CH2-N (CH2Coo-)2 is a six-toothed ligand with coordination atoms being O on two N and four carboxyl groups. The ligands are negative or neutral molecules, and occasionally positive ions (e.g., NH2NH).

The charged coordination body is called the ligand, the positively charged ligand is called the cation, and the negatively charged is called the anion. The charge of the ligand is the sum of the charges carried by the metal ion and the ligand, for example, Fe2+ and 6CN- coordination produces [Fe(CN)6]4-matching anion, and Cu2+ and 4NH3 produce [Cu(NH3)4]2+ matching cation, each of which forms a complex with oppositely charged cations or anions. Neutral coordination bodies are complexes, such as Pt2+, 2NH3 and 2Cl- to produce [PT(NH3)2Cl2]. Ni and 4Co produce Ni(Co)4.

The complexes can be single or multi-nucleated, with a single nucleus having only one central atom; Multinucleus has two or more central atoms. The above complexes are all single-nucleated complexes; Multinuclear complexes such as [(co)3fe(co)3fe(co)3].

The complexation reaction is actually the process of complex formation.

The complex is made up of the central atom (generally a metal atom) to provide an empty orbital, the ligand to provide lone pairs, when the electron fills the empty orbital to form a bond, it is called a coordination bond, and the formed compound is called a complex (also called a complex). Since it is the ligand that provides the electrons, the metal atom accepts the electrons, so the stability of the complex is the same as that of the metal primordial.

This principle is mostly used in the neutralization of solutions, mainly some weak acids and strong alkali salts, or a combination of strong acids and weak alkali salts, which inhibit hydrolysis with each other.

The central ion provides empty orbitals, and the ligand provides a more stable complex ion formed by lone pairs of electrons such as Ag(NH3)2+ [Cu(NH3)4]2+

Why are complexes all complexes? How are complexes formed?

Complexes are all complexes because the chemical bonds they form are that can be broken, whereas the characteristic of forming complexes is that their structure cannot be broken down. Complexes are usually composed of different types of elements that form redox reactions with each other and form complexes composed of atoms and molecules. Sometimes, these complex fission fluids may also undergo hydrolysis or other chemical reactions to change their structure.