How thick is the thermosphere of the atmosphere? How high is the temperature?

The temperature of the atmosphere is the temperature of where we normally are, but it rises by 1,000 meters with altitude. The temperature drops by 6 degrees, and the air from the ground to within 10-12 kilometers is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, called the troposphere. Major weather phenomena such as clouds, rain, snow, hail, etc., occur in this layer.

The layer above the troposphere, up to about 50 kilometers high, is called the stratosphere. The air in the stratosphere is much thinner than in the troposphere, where the amount of water vapor and dust is very low, so there are very few weather phenomena.

From above the stratosphere to 80 km, some call it the mesosphere, and the temperature in this layer decreases with altitude.

The space in the layer above 80 km to about 500 km is called the thermosphere, and the temperature in this layer is very high, and the day and night vary greatly.

The layer that starts about 50 kilometers above the ground and goes about 1,000 kilometers high is called the ionosphere. Beautiful auroras appear in the ionosphere.

It is the outermost layer of the atmosphere, the transition area of the atmosphere to interstellar space, and there is no obvious boundary outside. Under normal circumstances, the upper limit is lower near the geomagnetic pole, and the near-magnetic equator is on the sunward side, about 9-10 Earth radii high, in other words, about 65,000 kilometers high. The air is extremely thin here.

The top of the troposphere is about -90, and the temperature of the stratosphere up is also slowly decreasing, to the lowest -110, and then because the atmosphere is too thin, the air molecules are excited by sunlight, producing high-speed movements, which make the temperature rise, usually up to 3000 degrees, but because there are few molecules here, the usual concept of perceptual temperature is no longer applicable.

The shuttle was designed to withstand a maximum temperature of 1650 degrees Celsius, and the actual temperature was 1350-1400 degrees.

Ah, there are ones in climatology, and if you don't have one, I'll go back and check it out for you today.

The atmosphere is about 6,400 kilometers thick。Under the gravitational pull of the earth, a large amount of gas gathers around the earth, forming an atmosphere. Although scientists are accustomed to calling it the thin blue line, the atmosphere is still very thick.

Sounding rockets can still detect the rarefied atmosphere at an altitude of 3,000 kilometers above the ground. It is even believed that the atmosphere could be around 6,400 kilometers thick.

The composition of the atmosphereThe entire atmosphere exhibits different characteristics with different altitudes, and is divided into troposphere, stratosphere, ozone layer, mesosphere, thermosphere and fugitive layer, and above it is interstellar space. The atmosphere is a meteorological term, which is a layer of mixed gas that surrounds the earth due to gravity, and is the outermost gasosphere of the earth, surrounding the ocean and land, and the thickness of the atmosphere is about 1000 kilometers or more, but there is no clear boundary.

The thickness of the atmosphere cannot be accurately measured, about 1,000 kilometers.

The atmosphere, also known as the atmosphere, is a layer of mixed gas that surrounds the earth due to gravity, and is the outermost gasesphere of the earth, surrounding the ocean and land, the atmosphere has no exact upper bound, and there are still thin gases and elementary particles at an altitude of 2000 to 16000 kilometers above the earth's surface.

Underground, there are also small amounts of gases in the soil and in certain rocks, which can also be considered a component of the atmosphere, and the main components of the Earth's atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide and less than a proportion of trace gases, these mixtures of gases are called air.

Stratification of the atmosphere

According to the law of temperature change, our atmosphere is divided into five layers, including troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and fugitive layer.

The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, with an average thickness of 12 km. The stratosphere is located at an altitude of 10 km to 50 km above the surface of the earth and has an average thickness of 40 km. The mesosphere is about 85 km from the stratosphere to about 85 km of the atmosphere, with an average thickness of 35 km.

The ionosphere is the ionization region of the Earth's atmosphere, when the atmosphere is in a state of partial ionization and complete ionization. The outermost layer is the outer layer, which means that the air is extremely thin except for the previous levels.

Question 1: What is the thickness of the atmosphere How thick is the Earth's atmosphere?

Aristotle of ancient Greece once speculated; The earth is made up of four layers, which are the earth, the water, the air (i.e., the atmosphere), and fire (which can only be seen by chance during lightning). Below the fire layer is an ethereal layer of aether. But he did not specify the thickness of the layers.

In 1644, Torricelli and Vivani experimentally proved that the atmosphere has weight, and therefore a finite altitude. They calculated that the thickness of the atmosphere was about 8 kilometers.

In 1662, Boyle experimentally learned that the volume of the gas shrinks when it is pressurized, so it is in the vertical direction of the atmosphere. The atmosphere is the densest at sea level, thinner the higher it goes. In this way, people began to realize that the thickness of the atmosphere is definitely more than 8 km.

If we take into account the changes in temperature, the question of where the upper limit of the atmosphere is located becomes even more confusing.

Many people have made unremitting efforts to explore this topic. By the 40s of the 20th century, rocket technology had been successful, and the limit of people using ruler rockets to detect the upper limit of the atmosphere had exceeded 400-500 kilometers.

Later, with the development of space technology, it was found that the aurora appeared about 800-11,200 kilometers above the sky, so some scientists took 1,200 kilometers as the physical upper limit of the atmosphere. With the understanding of the atmosphere of the outer atmosphere, the American scientist Spitzer called the altitude of 500-1600 kilometers the outer atmosphere, and believed that the atmosphere gradually dissolved into the interstellar character from this height. At present, astrophysical studies have shown that the neutral gas mass density of interstellar matter is 1 cm3 and the electron concentration is 10 2 10 3, cm 3, according to this limit and the information provided by satellites, the upper limit of the atmosphere is about 2000 3000 km.

There are also scientists who are constantly coming up with new ideas. For example, the Belgian Nicle discovered the existence of a helium layer in the altitude range of 320 1000 km, and beyond the helium layer, there is a thinner layer of hydrogen, which may extend to an altitude of about 64,000 km.

The altitude of the upper atmospheric boundary on Earth often varies greatly depending on the scientists' basis and purpose, so it may always be a difficult problem for scientific research to accurately delineate the high hail of the upper atmospheric bound and to be recognized by the public.

The temperature of the atmosphere changes with altitude, but overall the temperature decreases with altitude. This phenomenon is known as temperature decline. Because the atmosphere can be divided into different levels, in practical applications, we need to understand the temperature situation at different levels.

In the atmosphere, the lowest layer is the troposphere, which has an upper limit height of about 10 kilometers. In this atmosphere, due to the influence of surface heat, the temperature decreases slowly, dropping by an average of 100 degrees Celsius. In the troposphere, the change in temperature is relatively smooth as the altitude increases.

However, when the weather changes, the wind direction changes, the temperature distribution in the troposphere can also be affected.

Above the troposphere is the stratosphere, which has an upper limit of about 50 kilometers at a height of about 50 km. In the stratosphere, the temperature decreases very slowly, remaining at a relatively stable level, averaging about 1 degree Celsius per 1,000 meters. This is because the air in the stratosphere is extremely thin, unlike the rest of the atmosphere.

Above the stratosphere is the ozone layer, the height of its upper edge is about 85 km. Although oxygen is replaced by ozone in this layer, resulting in a decrease in oxygen levels, meteorologists around the world believe that it is part of the atmosphere. In the ozone layer, the temperature increases by about degrees Celsius on average.

Thermal layers form at high temperatures.

Therefore, the height of the atmospheric temperature depends on different atmospheric heights and levels. The tropospheric temperature drops by an average of 1 degree Celsius per 1000 metres, the stratosphere temperature drops by 1 degree Celsius per 1 metre on average, and the temperature in the ozone layer rises by an average of 1 degree Celsius per 1000 metres. It is also important to note that changes in the temperature of the atmosphere are also affected by factors such as meteorological changes.

The height of the atmosphere is difficult to define, because there is a gradual transition from the atmosphere to the vacuum, and it is difficult to demarcate it. and do bridges.

Many scientists have made unremitting efforts to explore this topic. By the 40s of the 20th century, rocket technology was successful, and the limit of detection of the upper limit of the atmosphere by rockets exceeded 400-500 km. Later, with the development of space technology, it was found that the aurora appeared about 800-11,200 kilometers above the sky, so some scientists regarded 1,200 kilometers as the physical upper limit of the atmosphere.

With the continuous understanding of the atmosphere, the American scientist Spitzer called the altitude of 500-1600 kilometers"Outer atmosphere"and that the atmosphere gradually dissolves into the interstellar character from this height. At present, astrophysical research shows that the neutral gas mass density of interstellar matter is 1 cm3 and the electron concentration is 10