The process of human understanding of the universe and the tools and techniques of observation

Concentrate is the essence I give you a condensed version of my own summary.

Earliest. Domestic Historical records of various countries At that time, imperial conquests relied heavily on the observation of the stars.

Abroad, myths and legends, the most famous of ancient Greece, and the 12 houses of the zodiac in ancient Babylon, and now the horoscopes are divided according to their nonsense.

Ptolemy has put forward the geocentric theory).

Later, a number of specialized researchers appeared in China, such as Zhang Heng and his line of monks.

Foreign astrologers religious theology explains astronomy.

Observation tools: sextant, astrolabe, etc., mainly for navigation.

And then later. After several bourgeois revolutions and industrial revolutions, foreign countries have greatly increased their strength.

The Renaissance and so on were also people's minds to get out of the theological cage, and Copernicus proposed heliocentrism.

The first great revolution in astronomy.

Later with the support of Newton's classical mechanics.

Modern mechanics has easily calculated the orbits of Neptune and Halley's Comet.

The astronomy of the solar system developed rapidly, and the relative invasion of the country at home brought the development of science to a standstill.

At this time, the observation tools were mainly the telescope (refractive type) invented by Galileo, and then there was a reflection type.

And then in the middle of the 20th century.

Planck's quantum theory and Einstein's theory of relativity form the cornerstones of modern physics.

More successfully explained the universal laws of the macrocosm and microcosm.

The main observation tools of the 20th century, large optical telescopes, radio telescopes (the technology was not very mature in the early stage, but the rapid development in the later period even overshadowed the momentum of optics, and it was a late bloomer).

In the 21st century, large optical telescopes on the ground, arrayed radio telescopes.

A variety of telescopes in space orbit.

The famous ones are Hubble (optical telescopes, the illustrations in your textbooks are usually taken by Hubble), Spitzer (infrared), Chandra (X-rays), Compton (gamma rays).

These four cover basically all bands, and they provide a lot of high quality, very valuable research**, and they do a lot of great work.

Herschel, which was sent into the skies by the United States in March this year, integrated optical, near-infrared, and radio detection capabilities.

Having said so much, it is still the most awesome in the United States.

The main ones are large-aperture radio telescopes, or space telescopes, like Hubble. See the primordial universe from 60yi years ago. Such a technology is also about to be realized.

A great, glorious and long process.

There is always conjecture and then verification.