Biology High School Compulsory 1 Active Transport

First of all, let's analyze this graph, and as you can see from this graph, the rate of ion absorption is decreasing.

Finally, the concentration of intracellular ions is greater than that of extracellular.

1.Why is the external concentration higher than the intracellular concentration when it is actively transported.

than free proliferation and assisted proliferation.

Much faster 2Is there active transport at this time? ”

I don't agree with this statement, but if the actively transported vector is saturated, the free diffusion rate can be increased as long as the cell remains viable. We can use the limit of thinking if the number of carriers actively transported approaches 0

There can be active transport, just like the human body NA and K pumps.

3.And when the active transport reverse gradient is carried out, before the energy is sufficient and the carrier does not reach saturation, why does the transport speed increase with the increase of ion concentration? 4.Does this ion concentration refer to intracellular or extracellular? ”

3.Of course, the unsaturated carrier can also transport a part of it, and the natural rate is faster.

4.If it is active transport to the extracellular, it refers to intracellular; Analogy.

Hope it helps.

Active transport is from low to high concentration, but there is also a premise that the carrier, which is the decider of active transport, determines the type of transport substance, and can only be active transport, so the substance does not change the mode of transport with concentration. The key factor of active transport is the carrier, which is similar to a robot, when the carrier is not saturated, the increase in the concentration of extracellular ions makes the utilization of the carrier increase, and therefore the transport speed is also increased. The curve shows the change in the intracellular ion concentration relative to time, i.e., increasing over time, and the intracellular ion concentration increasing over time and tending to equilibrium.

In the process of transmembrane transport of substances, sometimes it has little to do with internal and external concentrations, for example, red blood cells use assisted diffusion when absorbing glucose, while small intestinal villous epithelial cells use active transport. Active transport requires energy and a carrier, so when the concentration of ions that need to be transported is larger, then the more the carrier binds to it, and the transport speed will naturally increase, of course before the carrier you described does not reach saturation, and this elevated ion concentration should refer to the side being transported.

And the curve you gave, the abscissa is time, as time passes, the intracellular concentration gets higher and higher, indicating that the substance is transported from outside the cell to the cell, and the higher the intracellular concentration, the slower the transport speed. When the intracellular concentration is higher than that of the extracellular, the intracellular concentration is still increasing, indicating that it is active transport.

When the outside concentration is high, there will be osmotic pressure, and if there is energy, the speed will be faster. And that's much faster than passive transport without energy. The transport of ions is active transport, osmotic pressure is a very important reason for the change of transport velocity, the increase of ion concentration is the increase of osmotic pressure, under certain conditions can change the transport rate (including active transport), this ion concentration should refer to the extracellular.

The curve in the figure is higher than the extracellular fluid concentration, which means that the intracellular concentration is higher than the external one, which is the active transport image, and the slope of the curve gradually decreases and becomes gentle, which is caused by the limitation of the number of cell surface carriers and the limitation of the external ion concentration.

This diagram is active transport first, thick and then spread, and it is impossible to tell whether it is freedom or assistance. Before desaturation, there is a free carrier, so as long as it is before desaturation, the higher the concentration, the faster the rate. Intracellular.

Significance: The active transport of cell membrane is the characteristic of living cells, which ensures that living cells can actively select and absorb the nutrients needed according to the needs of life activities, and actively discharge metabolic wastes and substances harmful to cells. In order to maintain the normal operation of life activities, organisms mainly rely on active transport to obtain nutrients.

Active transport involves the input and output of substances to cells and organelles and is capable of inverting concentration gradients or electrochemical gradients. Active intra-transport refers to the process of transporting substances into or out of the cell membrane under the action of energy with the assistance of the carrier.

Actively transported carrier proteins have the ability to transport the carrier from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration. They have a specific receptor domain that binds to the vehicle, and this domain has a strong affinity for the vehicle.

After the carrier is bound, the carrier protein immobilizes the carrier with it, and then changes its spatial structure so that the domain that binds the carrier opens to the other side of the biofilm, and the bound carrier is released.

Active transport: energy consumption, from low to high concentrations, requires carriers;

Passive transport: no energy consumption, from high to low concentrations.

passive transport, which is divided into free diffusion and assisted diffusion; Free diffusion does not require carriers, but carriers are needed to assist diffusion.

Because both free diffusion and assisted diffusion do not consume energy, it is called passive transport.

1) A capillaries, B capillaries, lymphatic vessels, C histiocytes;

2) A is intracellular fluid, B is tissue fluid, C is lymphatic fluid, and plasma is not part of the internal environment;

3) Both O2 and CO2 are freely diffused and dispersed. Diffuse from high concentrations to low concentrations. Therefore, the highest concentration of O2 was in D plasma, and the lowest was in A intracellular fluid. The highest CO2 concentration was in intracellular fluid A and lowest in D plasma.

4) The interval between A and B is the cell membrane, the interval between B and D is the capillary wall, the ** of B is the plasma and intracellular fluid, and the destination of B is the plasma deficiency, and the intracellular fluid is the lymphatic fluid.

A: Capillary of the barrage: B: lymph; C: Histiocytes.

ad、a;a、d

early balance of cell terrestrial membranes and vascular walls; Plasma, lymph.

1) Blood vessels, lymphatic and histiocytes.

2) The intracellular environment includes plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph, and A. belongs to intracellular fluid.

3）d、a;a、d

Plasma is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients to the tissue cells, which in turn excrete the carbon and waste products produced by the diogens into the plasma.

4) cell membrane and blood vessel wall bridges; Plasma, lymph.

1. Both photosynthesis and respiration produce ATP

2 will release energy, which is a direct energy supply in the cell.

3. First of all, glucose becomes two molecules of pyruvate in the cytoplasmic matrix, and a small amount of ATP is synthesized, and if it is followed by aerobic respiration, pyruvate enters the mitochondria for the second and third stages of aerobic respiration, and releases a large amount of ATP

4 Active transport requires energy, which is powered by the reaction of ATP---ADP and water.

5 How to say, some energy is provided by aerobic respiration, and some is provided by anaerobic.

6. Active transport is directly related to ATP, and most of ATP is derived from the oxidative decomposition of sugars.

1 ADP and PI plus energy to synthesize ATP, 21 moles of water liberates kilojoules of energy, a lot.

3. With glucose as the substrate, aerobic and anaerobic respiration are the oxidative decomposition of glucose, which can produce ATP, the former 1 molar glucose oxidative decomposition 38, the latter two.

4. Active transportation consumes ATPA and generates ADP

5. Aerobic respiration provides the energy needed for active transport.

6 answers are above.

1. ATP is produced through respiration and photosynthesis (only in plants) 2. High-energy phosphate bonds that release energy.

3. The essence of aerobic respiration is the oxidative decomposition of organic matter, and anaerobic respiration will also be produced.

4. Active transportation requires energy, that is, ATP, and ADP is one of the raw materials for the synthesis of ATP.

5. Aerobic respiration can produce ATP, and ATP can be used for active transportation.

6. The oxidative decomposition of sugars is aerobic respiration, as above.

1 c If it's bound water, free water, then the ratio goes down, and if it's free water, combined with Songshou water, then the ratio goes up.

Bound water is one of the states of water in the presence of organisms and cells, and is water that adsorbs and binds to organic solid matter.

Free water, water that is not adsorbed by colloidal particles or macromolecules in plant cells, can move freely, and acts as a solvent.

Sun-dried wheat seeds: starch.

Sun-dried embryos: proteins.

Sudan III is also orange, in order to avoid the residual Sudan III affecting the experimental effect, so wash off the surface of the test solution to make it more visible under the microscope.

I don't understand hi me.

The first question is a bit odd, and it should be that glucose has to be transformed into something else before it is synthesized into glycogen. My university's "Biochemistry" says that it should be synthesized with UTP to form uridine first.

The problem of the microscope, you can understand it when you draw it, because the order of left and right should be reversed, and the order of up and down should also be reversed.

The question of 27 tripeptides: the answer is 3 to the 3rd power. The reason is that starting from the multiplication principle of permutations and combinations, 3 kinds of amino acids can be placed on each position, and 3 positions are placed, so it is 3 to the 3rd power.

That's 12 types, that's 6 times 2. The reason is that peptides such as ABC and CBA are actually different, because the order of carboxyl and amino groups on both sides is different, which you can know by drawing.

It is not necessarily animals that can use glucose, such as yeast.

Item C in this question may be a typographical error, because item C on the mock question in Guangdong that I found does not have the words "synthetic glycogen". That's fine.

1.Because glycogen can also be synthesized through other ways, such as when mentioning the ** and destination of sugar in Biology Elective 3, it is mentioned that some non-sugar substances can also be converted into sugars, so A is correct and C is wrong.

2.This is because what the microscope sees is the result of a 180-degree rotation of the original image.

3.When all of them are one amino acid composition tripeptide, there are 3 possibilities, when there are two amino acids to form tripeptide, there are 3*6=18 species, and when there are three amino acids to form tripeptide, there are 6 species, so a total of 27 species.

4.It's offline first.