The general idea structure of biology in high school, and the thought of biology in high school

There are no creatures in the first year of high school.

The Disciplinary Thought of Biology.

It is the discipline requirement, the discipline itself.

The concept of material composition The structure determines the concept of function.

The systematic view of the structure of life includes three aspects: structure, relationship with the environment, and continuity.

Holistic view, hierarchical view, dynamic view.

Evolutionary view. Contradictory view of metabolism.

The view of universal connections includes individuals within individuals, individuals and between individuals and the environment.

Concept of change. Causal view.

Categorical thoughts. The steady-state view includes systems theory, cybernetics, and information theory.

The three elements of living systems: matter, energy, information, and information exchange include molecules, cells, tissues, individuals, populations, and organisms and the environment.

The basic structure of a cell includes the nucleus and cytoplasm, the surface has a cell membrane, and there are various organelles in the cytoplasm.

The structure of the cells of different organisms is also different.

Higher plant cells are composed of two parts, protoplasts and cell walls. Protoplasts are the living parts of the cell that include the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleus consists of four parts: nuclear membrane, nucleolus, chromatin, and nuclear matrix, which play an important role in transmitting genetic traits and controlling cell metabolism.

The cytoplasm includes the cytostroma and organelles and is often in a state of movement. The outer surface of the cytoplasm is the plasma membrane, which adheres to the cell wall. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, which is related to controlling the exchange of substances inside and outside the cell, receiving external signals, and regulating cell life activities.

Organelles include mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, lysoids, spheroids, microsomes, ribonucleosomes, microtubules, microfilaments, etc.

Animal cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and no cell wall. The cytoplasm of animal cells includes the cytoplasmic matrix and organelles. The organelles of animal cells include: endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, lysosomes, centrosomes.

Bacterial cells have a cell wall, a cell membrane, a cytoplasm, and a nucleomimetry. Organelles have only ribosomes and no other organelles. Some bacteria also have flagella and/or cilia.

Fungi have cell membranes, cytoplasm, nuclei. The cytoplasm of bacteria and fungi includes the cytoplasmic matrix and organelles; The organelles of fungi include: endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, lysosomes.

Diagram of cell structure pattern.

1."None of the inorganic matter in nature has a carbon price, only the organic matter in living organisms has a carbon price structure".

In this sentence, then I would like to ask, is it not that the organic matter in the body of living organisms does not have a carbon price structure???

Answer: Organic matter, it must contain carbon atoms. Except for organic matter that contains only one carbon atom (e.g., methane, formaldehyde, formic acid, etc.), the rest of the organic matter can be said to have a carbon frame.

Of course, organic matter that is not an organism can also have a carbon frame structure, for example, oil and natural gas are composed of hydrocarbon organic compounds, and both have a complex carbon frame structure.

2."At the beginning of the decomposition of a substance, chemical energy is also required to activate a higher energy substance (e.g., glucose is activated to glucose phosphate)."

I don't understand, what does this mean? Please help me explain 、、、

A: It's very simple, and it's not hard to understand at all. For glucose to be broken down, it must go through a complex series of biochemical reactions, such as glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

The first step in the breakdown of glucose is the phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase, which consumes one molecule of ATP.

Chemical energy is required to activate into a higher energy substance" means: chemical energy comes from ATP; The substance with the highest energy is glucose-6-phosphate.

After studying organic chemistry, you will know what a carbon frame structure is, and the complex organic matter in general organisms is a carbon frame structure.

That is, the change that occurs when the substance begins to react, to put it bluntly, the glucose first becomes glucose phosphate and then reacts.

It is important to make it clear that all organic matter contains carbon values such as ch4 ch2 = ch2, etc., but the carbon values are not necessarily organic matter, usually refers to compounds containing carbon elements, except for some simple carbon-containing compounds, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonates, metal carbides, cyanides, etc., whose central carbon atoms are bound by hydrogen bonds. In addition to carbon, the vast majority of organic compound molecules contain hydrogen, and some also contain elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, halogens, sulfur and phosphorus.

2).You can understand it this way: the main energy substance is sugar, but it cannot be directly functional, and the sugar has to go through a series of chemical reactions before it can become the direct energy substance ATP, that is, adenosine triphosphate.

While adenosine triphosphate is consumed, adenosine triphosphate is decomposed to form adenosine diphosphate and a molecule of free phosphoric acid and release a large amount of energy.

Is this a high school biology topic for you? It's an old textbook, right? You're from Sichuan, right?

Or is it from Jiangsu? Is the exam so difficult? Our Hunan people's high school biology textbook doesn't have such a difficult problem.

The friends upstairs have answered, you should be satisfied. If you use the Renjiao version of the textbook, I will tell you clearly that both of these contents exceed the standards of the biology curriculum. You don't bother at all.

The egg cell does not exchange with the surrounding substances.

Well, first of all, because it's the first round, you don't have to be nervous because you don't understand anything, the teacher will re-teach the class, and at this time, you have to take notes carefully because the teacher will talk about some key knowledge that you will ignore.

Secondly, read more books, biology is fundamental, and some of the things you think you don't understand or have strange topics are actually in books, so you have to read the books well, and don't miss a small word Often the answer to the question can be found in the corner of the book This is a major feature of biology

After that, if you don't understand, I understand that I used to have bad biology But I studied hard after the third year of high school, summarized it, and my grades went up, so I had the confidence to beat biology

In the end, in fact, biology is like this, it's literal and reasonable, you should memorize it, ask if you don't understand, I also know that there are some super abstract things like the amino acid calculation I didn't understand anything at first, but in the end I memorized it, said hello, and finally understood, uh, a little

At least you can know what the topic is about

Finally, let's do our best

Understand and memorize the most basic knowledge points. Systematize and simplify knowledge. Do simple exercises. See also the college entrance examination questions. Just follow the rhythm of the teacher-to-be.

Are you **? If you can, I recommend you a round of review materials for the three-year college entrance examination and two years of simulation, the knowledge points are very comprehensive, and I think the review should return to the ...... books