How does the South to North Water Diversion Project divert water from low places to high places?

The South-to-North Water Diversion Project, also known as the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, is a strategic project of the People's Republic of China, which is divided into three routes: eastern, central and western, and the starting point of the eastern route project is located in the Jiangdu Water Conservancy Hub in Yangzhou, Jiangsu; The starting point of the middle line project is located in the Danjiangkou Reservoir in the middle and upper reaches of the Hanjiang River, and the water supply area is Henan, Hebei, Beijing, and Tianjin.

The idea for the project began in 1952 when ******* inspected the Yellow River. Since then, after analyzing and comparing more than 50 options, the water transfer scheme has achieved a large number of valuable results. The planning area of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project involves a population of 100 million people, and the scale of water diversion is 44.8 billion cubic meters.

The total length of the eastern, central and western trunk lines planned by the project is 4,350 kilometers. The total length of the first phase of the east and middle lines is 2,899 kilometers, and the first-level supporting branch canals of six provinces and cities along the line are about 2,700 kilometers.

However, the difference between the north and the south of our country is so big, how to adjust the water from the lower places to the higher places?

Now China has invented pumping machines and hydraulic tools in the south-to-north water diversion. These two things have to be used in conjunction with each other to solve the problem of diverting water from low places to high places. Pumping machines are more common, and the focus is on this hydraulic tool.

This hydraulic tool refers to the inverted siphon, which is a kind of water pipe, and in the process of the South-to-North Water Diversion, the water will flow through places like valleys. When the water of the channel passes through the valley, it is inevitable that there will be obstacles, or the situation of the mountain is high, and the water level will not go up due to the rising pressure, and the inverted siphon will come in handy, which can effectively divert the water from the low to the high place without any effort.

The difference in the inverted siphon is that the façade is arched, with the bowed outlet facing downward, and the outlet is usually lower than the water surface. This is actually the same as the principle of changing the water for the fish at home, generally we change the water for the fish, are using hydraulic tools, not directly poured, this hydraulic tool is the same as the principle of inverted siphon, there are two water outlets, the pipe of the water inlet is below, the water outlet is above, the water inlet is stretched into the water, and the hydraulic tool in the middle will flow out effortlessly by gently pressing the middle. In fact, in the process of diverting water from the south to the north, it is the same principle to divert water from the lower places to the higher places.

First find a place with high terrain, and then adjust the height little by little and transport it over.

This is where the inverted siphon comes in handy, as it can effectively direct water from low to high places without any effort.

Through the pipes that run through the mountains, the terrain is constantly lowered.

Now China has invented pumping machines and hydraulic tools in the south-to-north water diversion.

Choose a different terrain and add pipes.

Now that the water level in the Three Gorges Reservoir area is so high, and the terrain itself is also high, it is completely possible to divert water from the reservoir from the northeast into the north and Beijing. It turns out that the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is definitely not practical.

The main thing is with the help of auxiliary tools and pumping stations.

It is conveyed step by step by a machine such as a water pump.

Make use of tools such as pumps and hydraulic pumps.

Water is mainly delivered through pumping stations.

Want.

The south-to-north water diversion project has a long distance and a large height difference, so it is necessary to build a multi-stage pumping station in the middle of the water transmission to improve the water step by step.

The South-to-North Water Diversion Project has created the world's largest pumping station group - the East Line Pumping Station Group Project, which is implemented in three phases, with a total of 21 additional pumping stations in the first phase of the project and a construction period of 6 years; In the second phase of the project, 13 pumping stations will be added on the basis of the first phase of the project, with a construction period of 3 years; In the third phase of the project, 17 pumping stations will be added on the basis of the second phase of the project, with a construction period of 5 years.

Comprehensive features. The eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is the national strategic eastern route project, referred to as the eastern route project, which refers to a national-level cross-provincial regional project that lifts water from the Jiangdu water conservancy hub in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, passes through Jiangsu, Shandong and Hebei provinces to transport production and domestic water to North China.

The South-to-North Water Diversion Project Plan for the Eastern Route was revised and completed in 2001, and the eastern route project lifted water from the main stream of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River through the Jiangdu Water Conservancy Project in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, and sent water to the north along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, providing production and domestic water to the eastern part of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the Jiaodong region and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

Eastern Front Project.

The eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project starts in Yangzhou in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and ends in Tianjin. The scope of water supply of the eastern route project: involving five provinces and cities of Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Hebei and Tianjin.

Specifically, the lower reaches of the Huai River plain in northern Jiangsu, except for the belly of the Lixia River and the highlands to the east and north; both sides of the Huai River below Bengbu in Anhui Province, both sides of the Xinbian River east of Huaibei City and some areas of Tianchang County; the vicinity of Nansi Lake in Shandong Province, the Hanzhuang Canal and the Liangji Canal, some cities in Jiaodong and the Yellow River irrigation area in northern Shandong; Hebei Heilong Port Yundong area; Tianjin and its suburbs. The Eastern Route project made use of the canals of the Yuan Dynasty.

The purpose is to alleviate the shortage of water resources in five provinces and municipalities, including Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Hebei, and Tianjin.

The eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is planned and arranged on the basis of the existing Jiangsu Provincial River-to-North Water Diversion Project, the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal Waterway Project, and the Huaihuai Control Project. The main project of the eastern line consists of three parts: water transmission project, water storage project and power supply project.

Middle Line Project. The middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is a water diversion project that diverts water from the east bank of the Danjiangkou Reservoir in the middle and upper reaches of the Hanjiang River, the largest tributary of the Yangtze River, through the Chengkou Pass in the south of Yangfang, the watershed between the Yangtze River basin and the Huaihe River basin, along the Tangbai River basin and the western edge of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, excavates a channel, crosses the Yellow River through a tunnel in Wangcun, Xingyang City, Henan Province, and goes north along the west side of the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway to Tuancheng Lake in Beijing's Summer Palace.

Under the condition of a normal water storage level of 170 meters, the adjustable water volume of the middle line project will be completed according to the scale of the Danjiangkou Reservoir in the later stage, and some compensation projects will be appropriately carried out in the middle and lower reaches of the Han River considering the development level in 2020 to ensure that after the transfer of water for industrial and agricultural development, shipping and environmental water in the transfer area, the average adjustable water output will be 100 million cubic meters for many years, and the adjustable water output will be about 11 billion cubic meters in general dry years (guarantee rate of 75%). The scope of water supply is mainly the western and central part of the Tangbai River Plain and the Huanghuaihai Plain, with a total area of about 10,000 square kilometers, and the project focuses on solving the problems of Henan, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing 4 provinces and cities, and more than 20 large and medium-sized cities along the line to provide water for life and production. It also takes into account the ecological environment and agricultural water use in the areas along the route.

The total length of the main water conveyance canal in the middle line is 1,267 kilometers, and the main water conveyance canal to Tianjin is 154 kilometers long.

At 14:32 p.m. on December 12, 2014, the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project was officially opened. The choice of 14:32 means that the total length of the trunk canal of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is 1,432 kilometers.

Western Front Project. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project is referred to as the Western Water Diversion Project, which is a water diversion project from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River to the Yellow River. That is, in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the Yangtze River tributary Yalong River and the upper reaches of the Dadu River to build a dam and build a reservoir, the dam site is 2900-4000 meters above sea level, and the diversion tunnel is used to divert water into the Yellow River from Bayan Kala Mountain, the watershed of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.

The South-to-North Water Diversion Project is to divert water resources from the upstream, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin to the northern, central and western regions of North China, the Huaihai Plain and the water-scarce areas in Northwest China in combination with the characteristics of China's Xinjiang region.

The master plan for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project recommends three water diversion routes: the eastern, central and western routes. Through the connection of the three water diversion routes with the four major rivers of the Yangtze River, the Huangqiao River, the Huai River and the Haihe River, the overall layout with "four horizontal and three vertical" as the main body is formed, which is conducive to the realization of the rational allocation pattern of China's water resources in the north and south and the mutual aid between the east and the west.

The first phase of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is an important part of China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project, a major strategic infrastructure to alleviate the serious shortage of water resources in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and optimize the allocation of water resources, and a livelihood project related to the sustainable economic and social development of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Henan and other provinces and cities in the water-receiving areas.

The first phase of the middle line project diverts water from the Danjiangkou Reservoir after the dam is heightened and expanded, and the excavation channel along the line leads directly to Beijing, with a total length of 1,432 kilometers, and the project has been completed after more than 10 years of construction since the start of construction in 2003.

The South-to-North Water Diversion Project has created the world's largest pumping station group - the East Line Pumping Station Group Project, which is implemented in three phases, with a total of 21 additional pumping stations in the first phase of the project and a construction period of 6 years; In the second phase of the project, 13 pumping stations will be added on the basis of the first phase of the project, with a construction period of 3 years; The third phase of the project, on the basis of the second phase of the project, 17 pumping stations were added, and the construction period was 5 years.

The terrain in the north is much higher than that in the south. How does the water get up? I think the principle is the same as when we pump water, we all send water up by pressure.

In addition to the western and central water diversion projects, which mainly transfer water through artesian means, the eastern route projects mainly rely on the step-by-step power water lifting method, and the artesian method will also be used to transport water in some sections.

The South-to-North Water Transfer Project (South-to-North Water Transfer) is a pumping station that transports water from a low-lying canal to a high-lying canal, while the pumping station uses the excess electricity generated by the power plant.