How to make a circuit board, how to make a complete circuit board

Hehe, the landlord is very far-sighted. I also feel more and more that learning hardware is promising.

I'm also thinking about changing careers to learn this thing... Hey hey there are a lot of such groups in QQ.,Add one.,There are a lot of friends and seniors in it I'm in the unit now.,There's no QQ.,I can't recommend the group to you.。。 You search for it yourself, a lot.

Generally doing this, I heard that you should use a professional circuit design tool, and the most commonly used is Protel 99SE. Our commonly used **,It's all there.。。。 Also available from the online ** latest stamen chips.

After the design is completed, it can be directly converted into a PCB drawing, and with a PCB drawing, you can find a processing unit to produce. However, I heard that it was very expensive, and the last time I saw a person, I just made a small LCD strip screen control board, and it cost more than two hundred.

There is specialized software that you can go and learn!

If you really don't understand, you should first go to the electronic market and ask the person who makes the circuit board and ask what software is used.

Protel 99SE designs circuit boards with this software!

Then take your files to a dedicated circuit board factory to make a real circuit board.

Let's use software called electronic CAD. We also made it with this software. In fact, Protel 99 is electronic CAD

The traditional process similar to the New Year's "window cutting" can be used to prepare circuit boards based on copper foil etching method, which is the current mainstream circuit board manufacturing method. Integrated circuit boards, including computers, mobile phones, and various electrical appliances, are all made by this process.

The circuit board is printed and prepared by screen printing conductive ink, such as computer keyboards, household appliance buttons, solar positive electrodes and back electrodes of automobile dashboards, etc., which are made by the process of screen printing silver paste. This process requires a template, and the accuracy of the template significantly limits the accuracy of the prepared circuit board.

Digital inkjet printing conductive ink to prepare circuit boards, Dahua Brocade adopts a process method similar to printing color ** to print conductive ink to prepare various circuit boards. This is a circuit board manufacturing technology that has just emerged in the world from Europe and the United States, with fast timeliness and significantly reduced process steps. The core conductive ink material used is based on nano-silver conductive ink, which becomes a conductive line after sintering and curing after printing.

If it's not too demanding, I have a lot of ways to do it.

Simple circuit, you can use an oily marker pen to draw a line directly on the board, and you can use ferric chloride to corrode nail polish, but I don't think there is a marker pen if it is more complicated, just use a photosensitive plate to do, the specific method is to print the PCB file one to one on the film, with projection film or sulfuric acid paper, the three materials can be printed with laser, inkjet printing film should be noted, can only be printed on the side of the film with adhesive film, I still recommend laser printing, Laser printing is much more accurate than inkjet.

Tear off the white coating on the photosensitive plate, put the printed document on it, press the alignment with glass, and then use a fluorescent lamp (I use an energy-saving lamp) to illuminate it**, the time is 3 to 5 minutes, and the specific methods and steps will be accompanied by detailed instructions when buying the photosensitive plate.

After completion, clean it with clean water, part of it is cleaned off, the part blocked by the PCB file is retained, and it is corroded with ferric chloride, and the corrosion time is completed in about an hour at room temperature, and the photosensitive material on it is cleaned with alcohol after corrosion, and then the hole is completed.

The above methods are all methods that I have done myself, and there are other methods that you can add.

Then I'll teach you the easiest method, this is the method we often use when we are studying. I believe it's a good way to use it yourself.

1. First of all, you need to buy a single-sided or double-sided copper-covered board, which is generally sold in the electronic market.

2. Draw your PCB board diagram on the computer and print it out with an inkjet printer. (Note: 1. Be sure to use an inkjet printer!) 2. When drawing the PCB board, the pads and vias must be large enough. ）

3. Cut the circuit board into the required size with a utility knife, and iron the PCB drawings just printed out with the printer on the copper plate until the carbon film on the paper is ironed onto the copper plate. (It's OK in 5 minutes).

4. If the printing paper is not fully covered on the copper plate, we need to use a 2B pencil to repair the wiring on the copper plate.

5. Put the modified copper plate into the corrosion liquid to corrode. (Generally 24 hours).

6. Use a rubber sassafras to remove the carbon film on the corroded copper plate, and then use tin to go through it all over again.

7. It is the last step of drilling, and if possible, you can use an electric drill to drill directly. Otherwise, you have to make a manual drill to drill.

8. Weld the original and the whole board is completed.

Buy a hand-held electric engraving machine, the kind with a lot of small cutter heads. It's better than rotten with potions.

Method 1:

1.Cut the copper clad plate to the size required by the circuit diagram.

2. Put the wax paper on the steel plate, engrave the circuit diagram on the wax paper with a pen according to 1:1, and cut the circuit diagram engraved on the wax paper according to the size of the circuit board, and put the cut wax paper on the printed copper plate. Take a small amount of paint and talcum powder to adjust the thin and suitable printing material, dip the printing material with brush 3, evenly coat it on the wax paper, repeat it several times, and the printed board can be printed on the circuit.

This stereotype can be used over and over again, making it suitable for small batches.

3.The corrosion liquid is prepared in the ratio of 1 gram of potassium chlorate and 40 milliliters of hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 15, and is smeared on the circuit board where it needs to be corroded for corrosion.

4.The corroded printed board is repeatedly cleaned with water. Wipe off the paint with banana water and wash it several times to make the printed board clean and leave no corrosive liquid. Apply a layer of rosin solution and let it dry before drilling.

Method 2: 1, print the circuit board diagram on the printer in a ratio of 1 to 1 on 80 grams of copy paper. Hand drawing is also fine, but the bottom paper should be flat.

2. Find a fax machine, take out the fax paper in the machine, and replace it with hot melt plastic film. Put the circuit diagram into the entrance of the fax machine, and use the copy button of the fax machine to copy the circuit diagram on the hot melt plastic film. At this point, the "printed original" of the printed circuit board is ready.

3. Use double-sided tape paper to flatly paste the plastic film of the drawing on the copper plate. Pay attention to be flat, not wrinkled, and the tape paper can not cover the melted part, otherwise it will affect the production effect of the circuit board.

4. Use a paint brush to evenly brush the paint on the plastic film, note: you can't brush it back and forth, you can only brush it in turn in one direction, otherwise the plastic film will wrinkle together, and the lines on the copper plate will overlap. After the circuit diagram has been brushed through, carefully remove the plastic film.

At this point, a printed circuit board is printed. After drying, it can be corroded.

If you want to print multiple pieces, you can make a wooden frame that is a little larger than the circuit board, and lay the wire mesh flat on the wooden frame and fix it. Then use double-sided tape paper to paste the fixed plastic film under the screen screen. Put the copper plate on the table, close the wire mesh frame (the printed drawing and the copper plate should be aligned left and right), brush the paint in one direction with a paint brush, and remove the grid frame.

The printed circuit board is printed. If there are defects, they can be modified with paint and bamboo.

It should be noted in the above process that when painting, the hand force should be light and heavy, too heavy and the paint film is too thick, the lines will run lace, and the lines will break if they are too light. The plastic film must be face up.

First, according to the circuit diagram, draw the lines of the circuit and the pad of the original on the copper clad laminate. You can use gentian purple plus paint sheets and thinner materials to make paint paintings. Then use trilucide iron for corrosion, then punch, modify, and you can use it.

Let me introduce a method, 1Using a laser printer, the circuit is printed onto wax paper.

2.Use a heat transfer machine to transfer the circuit on the wax paper to the copper clad laminate.

3.Check whether there is any circuit defect on the copper clad laminate printed on the circuit that is not printed, and make up for it with an oil-based pen (the oil-based pen can block the corrosive agent).

4.Place the copper clad laminate into a cylinder filled with ferrous chloride solution.

5.After observing that the exposed copper is corroded, take it out and rinse it with water.

6.Finally, the ink on the circuit can be vigorously erased with a rag, and the circuit board is made.

There are several methods I have used, now listed, and pointed out the advantages and disadvantages: first, paint the line method, on the basis of the copper foil board with fine sand skin lighting, with the pre-drawn line on the paper, compound on the copper foil, the middle pad blue printing paper, with a pen to trace it, remove the paper and the blue printing paper, the copper foil shows the lines that need to be retained, draw the lines with a brush and some paint, and use ferric chloride solution to erode it after drying;

Second, the thermal transfer printing method: the PCB circuit drawn on the computer is mirrored and printed on the thermal printing paper (** purchased, with a laser printer, sufficient charcoal, the thermal transfer printing paper has lines - the surface is attached to the copper foil, when the electric iron is very hot, while pressing, remove the thermal transfer paper, into the iron trichloride etching;

3. Waxing method: the candle is scalded and poured into the copper foil with a soldering iron, and after cooling, the part that does not need to be retained is removed with a wire knife and etched by iron chloride.

Of the above three methods, the thermal transfer printing method is the most formal, which can make some complex PCB boards, but the printing quality should be high and the iron temperature should be high. Paint brush secondly, if not too beautiful, the success rate is higher, but you can't use red paint! The hot wax method is suitable for making simple small PCB boards, which is fast and convenient (my usual method), but it cannot be heated in corrosion.

1. Print the circuit board.

Print out the drawn circuit board with transfer paper, pay attention to the slippery side facing yourself, generally print two circuit boards, and mold embedding means printing two circuit boards on one paper. Among them, select the best printed circuit board to make the printed board. After the drilling is completed, the toner on the covered road board is polished off with fine sandpaper, and the circuit board is cleaned with clean water.

After the water dries, apply rosin perfume on the side with the line, in order to speed up the solidification of rosin, we use a hot air blower to add a road plate, and only 2-3 denier pine pine can be solidified.