What is the functional system of energy for muscle activity? What is the connection?

The three systems of muscular activity energy**.

1. Phosphogen system (ATP CP system).

1. Energy supply characteristics.

6 1 Energy output: ATP CP deactivates very quickly, and the energy output power is the highest (56J kg s).

6 1 Motion Applications: The phosphogen system is the material basis for all high-power output sports and is suitable for short-term (seconds) and high-power sports (such as sprinting, throwing, jumping, etc.).

2. Evaluation method: Margaria test, Wingate test.

2. Lactic acid energy system (anaerobic glycolysis system).

1. Energy supply characteristics.

6 1 Energy output: The separation of energy is relatively rapid (.

6 1 Athletic application: Lactic acid disrupts the acid-base balance, resulting in a decrease in exercise capacity. Maintaining energy supply for tens of seconds is the material basis for movement requiring high power output within 1 minute.

2. Evaluation method: The anaerobic digestion capacity is judged by measuring the blood lactate value at 400 meters or 800 meters.

6 1 A low blood lactate value at the same time is preferred.

6 1 High blood lactate value at different times is preferred.

3. Aerobic oxidation system.

1. Energy supply characteristics.

6 1 Energy output: The speed of energy release is slower, and the energy output power is the lowest (15J kg s).

6 1 Athletic application: This system is the material basis for long-term endurance activities.

2. Evaluation method: maximum oxygen uptake, lactate threshold.

Fourth, the relationship between the energy supply of the three energy systems during muscle activity.

Phosphogen system.

Lactic acid energy system.

Aerobic system. Anaerobic metabolism.

Anaerobic metabolism. Aerobic metabolism.

Very quickly. Swift. Slow. cp

Glycogen. Sugar, fat.

ATP generation is minimal.

Limited ATP generation.

ATP generation is a lot.

Intramuscular storage is small.

Lactic acid causes fatigue.

No fatigue by-products.

High-power short-term activities.

1 3 points of activity.

Prolonged endurance activity.

It is the chemical energy of the human body itself. This involves a proper noun --- ATP

ATP is a chemical that is a direct source of energy in the body. In the food we eat, starch and other substances are digested and absorbed by glucose, which is the body's energy**. However, this energy cannot be directly utilized in the human body, and must be converted into ADP through a series of oxidation reactions in specialized organelles (mainly mitochondria) in the cell, which can be directly used by the human body to provide chemical energy for the human body.

Due to this feature, the body converts most of the absorbed sugars into glycogen and stores them in the muscles and liver. It is called in the liver"Hepatic glycogen", becometh in the muscles"Muscle glycogen".

When people exercise, taking running as an example, the energy required by the leg muscles at the beginning of activity is provided by ATP, and the energy required for exercise is much higher than the energy storage of trace ATP, so the muscle glycogen stored in the muscles must be continuously decomposed into glucose, and then through aerobic respiration (oxygen needs to be involved, oxygen comes from the blood) - this process mainly occurs in the ** granules (mentioned above) - the oxidation and decomposition of glucose to obtain energy, about 60% in the form of heat and about 40% is stored in ATP.

The energy of muscle activity is directly ATP, and the energy substances for ATP resynthesis are divided into three systems according to anaerobic energy supply and aerobic energy supply, namely phosphogen system and lactic acid.

energy system and aerobic oxidation system.

The phosphogen system refers to ATP and phosphocreatine.

cp). Its energy supply characteristics: the total amount of energy supply is small, the duration is short, the power output is the fastest, no oxygen is required, and lactic acid intermediate products are not produced.

The lactic acid energy system refers to glycogen or glucose.

In the process of anaerobic decomposition in the cytoplasm to produce lactic acid, the energy system of ATP is resynthesized. Its energy supply characteristics: the total energy supply is more than that of the phosphogen system, the duration is short, the power output is secondary, oxygen is not required, and the final product is lactic acid.

The aerobic oxidation system refers to the complete oxidation and decomposition of sugars, fats, and proteins into water and carbon dioxide within the cell.

in the process of synthesizing ATP energy system. Its energy supply characteristics: the total amount of ATP is generated, but the rate is very low, and no lactic acid by-products are produced.

Adenosine triphosphate.

In the human body, ATP and ADP can be rapidly converted to maintain a balance. The conversion of ADP to ATP requires energy.

When ADP binds to a phosphate group and obtains an energy of 8 kcal, ATP is formed.

For animals, humans, fungi and most bacteria, it comes from the energy released by the breakdown of organic matter when cells undergo respiration. For green plants, in addition to relying on the energy released by respiration, ADP is converted to ATP and light energy is also used when photosynthesis is carried out within chloroplasts.

When ATP undergoes hydrolysis, ADP is formed and a phosphate group is released, along with the release of energy. This energy is used in the cells, the movement produced by muscle contraction, the activity of nerve cells, and everything else in the organism uses the energy produced by the hydrolysis of ATP.

1. Shorten the contraction (centripetal contraction).

Characteristics: The tension is greater than the applied resistance, and the muscle length is shortened.

Function: It is the main form of muscle movement and the basis for achieving dynamic movement (such as arm swings, leg raises, etc.).

1) Isotonic contraction.

The applied resistance is constant, and when the tension develops enough to overcome the applied resistance, the tension no longer changes. However, at different joint angles, the tension generated by muscle contraction is different. The point where the muscles exert the most force over the entire range of joint movement is called the "vertex".

At this joint angle, bone lever efficiency is the worst.

For example, when the joint angle is 120°, the contractile tension of the biceps brachii is the largest, and when the joint angle is 30°, the contractile tension of the biceps is the smallest.

In maximal isometric contraction, the muscle is only likely to reach maximum contraction at the "apex", i.e., the joint angle where the bone lever is least efficient. In other joint angles, muscle contraction is less than its maximum strength.

The tension generated when the muscles contract isotonic throughout the range of motion of the joint is often not the maximum tension of the muscles.

2) Isokinetic contraction.

The maximum force contraction of the muscles at a constant speed throughout the range of motion of the joint. However, device resistance is not constant.

Isokinetic Trainer:

A nylon rope is attached to the centrifugal brake, and the faster the rope is pulled due to the centrifugal braking, the greater the resistance generated by the instrument.

Features: The resistance generated by the device is adapted to the amount of muscle force.

Advantages of isokinetic contraction:

The applied resistance adjusts precisely with changes in joint motion, allowing the muscles to generate maximum muscle tone throughout the range of motion of the joint.

2. Elongation shrinkage (centrifugal shrinkage).

Characteristics: The tension is less than the applied resistance, and the muscle length is elongated.

Function: cushioning, braking, deceleration, overcoming gravity.

3. Isometric shrinkage.

Characteristics: Tension is equal to applied resistance, and muscle length remains unchanged.

Function: Support, immobilize, and maintain a certain body posture. Its immobilization function can also create suitable conditions for the movement of other joints.

Such as: standing, hanging, supporting and other movements.

4. Comparison of three forms of shrinkage.

1) Force: When the contraction speed is the same, the tension generated by centrifugal contraction is the largest. (50% greater than centripetal contraction and 25% greater than isometric contraction).

2) Metabolism: When the power is output, the energy consumption of centrifugal contraction is low and the oxygen consumption is low.

3) Muscle soreness: eccentric contraction pain is the most significant, followed by isometric contraction, and centrinal contraction is the lightest.

Push-up. The method of action is to lean forward, palms on the ground, fingers forward, arms straight, two acres of hands are shoulder-width apart, legs are straight back, feet together and toes on the ground. Bend your elbows down to your back below the elbows, then straighten your arms into or bury them in their original position.

Practice requirements: Keep the body straight, not slumped"concave"shape, nor can it be made into a land arch"Convex"Shape. Repeating this movement several times develops upper body strength such as the anterior deltoid muscle, pectoralis major, and triceps.

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The development of muscle energy potential can be achieved in a way that has: overload training. Strength training is made up of a variety of strength exercises, and the sequence of exercises can directly tap into the fruits of the training.

In general, in a strength training session, the training of major muscle groups is first practiced with bare hands, such as air punch exercises in boxing, frog jumps to develop leg strength, 30-meter running, middle-distance running, etc. The second is to use strength training equipment to practice. The training equipment refers to the shortening of muscle length, overcoming resistance, and concentric contraction of muscles during dynamic strength exercisesIt is generally believed that

The weights chosen should be able to make the maximum number of repetitions for each of the three sets of training.