How NTBs are explained in English

Non-tariff barrier, also known as non-tariff barrier, refers to the sum of all policies and means of a country to regulate, manage and control its foreign activities by various means other than tariffs, and its purpose is to try to restrict imports to a certain extent in order to protect the development of the domestic market and domestic industry.

Legal analysisNon-tariff barriers can be roughly divided into two categories: direct and indirect: the former is directly restricted by the customs on the quantity and variety of imported goods, and its main measures are: import quota system, import license system, "automatic" export quota system, export license system, etc.; The latter refers to the fact that the importing country formulates strict regulations and standards for imported goods, and indirectly restricts the import of goods, such as the import deposit system, strict technical standards and health inspection regulations.

NTBs come in many forms and are more subtle. According to the practice of the United States, the European Union and other WTO member countries, non-tariff barriers are mainly manifested in the following 13 forms: customs clearance barriers, import taxes, import bans, import licenses, international political measures, technical barriers, technical regulations, conformity assessment procedures, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, remedial measures, import product discrimination, export restrictions, and services.

In practice, there are other barriers that are difficult to classify as above.

Legal basis"Hainan Free Port Law of the People's Republic of China" Article 29 Goods entering the mainland from Hainan Free Port shall be taxed in accordance with imports in principle; However, the goods produced by enterprises in encouraged industries that do not contain imported materials and parts or contain imported materials and parts that are processed in Hainan Free Port and have a certain percentage of value-added are exempt from tariffs. The specific measures shall be formulated by the relevant departments in conjunction with Hainan Province. The goods entering the Hainan Free Port from the mainland shall be refunded the value-added tax and consumption tax collected in accordance with the relevant regulations.

Before the island-wide customs closure operation and the simplified tax system, passengers leaving the island who purchase duty-free goods and pick up the goods leaving the island will be exempted from import duties, import value-added tax and consumption tax in accordance with relevant regulations. After the island-wide customs closure operation and the simplification of the tax system, the tax management measures for the entry and exit of goods between Hainan Free Port and the mainland shall be formulated by the relevant departments of Hainan Province in conjunction with Hainan Province.

In addition to some commonalities of tariff barriers, non-tariff barriers also have many unique properties and characteristics, mainly including the following:

It has more flexibility and is aimed at potato pins.

It is more insidious and discriminatory.

It has the complexity and breadth of a stronger and larger trouser game.

with more obvious effectiveness.

Non-tariff barriers are the sum of all policies and means by which a country regulates, manages and controls its foreign activities by means other than tariffs. Non-tariff barriers are more flexible and targeted; The formulation of tariffs requires certain legislative procedures and procedures, but the formulation of non-tariff barriers generally adopts administrative procedures, which are convenient and fast, and the procedures are simple.

It is clear to everyone that tariff measures increase the competitiveness of products and weaken their competitiveness through the imposition of customs measures, and the protective effect on domestic industries is indirect. However, non-tariff measures can directly protect domestic industries, such as import quotas, which need to pre-limit the amount of imports, and once the limit is exceeded, imports will be directly banned, which directly achieves the purpose of protecting the domestic and old industries. Some non-tariff measures are weakly transparent, highly concealed, and highly targeted, and implement differential measures against other countries, while tariff measures are less discriminatory and easily constrained by bilateral relations and international changeable agreements.

The full definition needs to be looked up. But an example is easier to understand than a chamber shed

Tariff barriers - Sino-US war, the two sides directly increase tariffs on the import of each other's products, so as to reduce the entry of each other's products into the country and hit each other's related industries. This is the most direct measure of tariff barriers.

Non-tariff barriers - the purpose is also to restrict the entry of the other party's products into the country. It is divided into a voluntary tariff, such as requiring the other party to provide extremely strict documents (such as when we import, the other party is required to provide 3C certificates); Or require the domestic importer to provide the country's restricted documents, such as an import license. Or we can't export too many rare earths to the United States, just as many tons a year, and if we exceed, we won't be ready to export this year.

B passive tariff barriers, such as China and Vietnam, many countries want to export textiles to the United States, the United States stipulates, China's annual tons or dollars, Vietnam and Cambodia how many tons, when the limit is reached, it will not be collected. This quota system is one of them.