The relationship between living things and the environment Take an animal and plant as an example

This seems to be a question in the seventh grade...

The relationship between living things and the environment is very close. On the one hand, the life activities of living organisms depend on the environment to obtain materials and energy, information and habitat - living things cannot do without the environment; On the other hand, the life activities of organisms are constantly changing the state of existence of the environment and affecting the development and change of the environment. Organisms and the environment are an inseparable whole.

The cactus leaves that live in the arid desert turn into thorns. 1 frog 1 day insect appetite up to 266, such as the average number of insects 50 statistics, set per mu of paddy field: 1000 frogs, every day can eliminate two borer, three borer, rice planthopper and other pests up to more than 50,000.

1 owl can catch rats in 1 year: more than 1,500, more than 1,000 kg of food for humans, and 1 cuckoo can eat more than 300 pine caterpillars in one day; 1 grey magpie can protect 1 acre of pine forest from pine caterpillars; 1 preys on 300 450 insects per day; One woodpecker can eat more than 3,000 forest pests in one day. A pine tree can absorb sulfur dioxide gas and carbon dioxide in l years.

Interact with each other, influence each other. For example, rock geology determines that other organisms cannot survive except lichens, which in turn can corrode rocks and change environmental conditions to make them suitable for other organisms.

Animal: Earthworms change the aeration of the soil by loosening the soil, which helps in the aerobic respiration of organisms.

Interconnected and interdependent.

Answer]: The interrelationship between plants can be divided into direct relationship and indirect relationship, where the direct relationship refers to the beneficial, harmful or mutually beneficial effect of one plant directly on another plant, and the indirect relationship is the influence on the other finger or some species by affecting environmental conditions.

Direct relationships include:

1) Lianas: rooted in the soil and unable to stand upright, rise to crown height by climbing or winding pillar plants. Lianas that are too lush to shade the light or tie the stems of the pillar plants very tightly, affecting the normal growth of the pillar plants.

2) Epiphytes: The whole body is attached to the surface of the aboveground organs of other plants, and there is no nutritional relationship with each other.

3) Parasitic plants: Dependent on the host plant to live, which is harmful to the host plant. Such plants are such as mistletoe of the family Mistletoe, rabbit silk of the family Spiraceae, and Ledang of the family Ledangaceae.

4) Symbiotic phenomenon: manifested as the mutual exchange and replenishment of nutrients between different species, which is the condition for each other's survival. Such as lichens, mycorrhizae and nodules.

5) Biochemical other sensory effects: through volatile secretions to interact with each other.

The indirect relationship is essentially a wide adjacency effect, in which a plant organism interacts with its neighbors in a sessile position by changing the surrounding ecological conditions. For example, the mutual shading of the aboveground parts of plants, and the absorption of soil water and nutrients by roots will change each other's living environment and affect each other's growth and morphogenesis.

Plants need to maintain a balance between water gain (root water absorption) and water loss (leaf transpiration) in order to maintain their normal life. For terrestrial plants, water mainly comes from the soil, the roots absorb water from the soil pores, and the fineness and degree of root branches determine whether the plant can get close to the water storage of the soil. On moist soils, plants grow shallow root systems, and in dry soils, plants have well-developed deep root systems.

Plants living in humid and low-light environments reduce stomatal opening when they lose water slightly, or even actively close their stomata to reduce water loss. Yang herbaceous plants only in a fairly dry environment, the stomata slowly close. In addition, the surface of the leaves is covered with a waxy, impermeable cuticle, which can reduce the amount of transpiration on the leaf surface, and plants living in dry areas try to reduce the amount of transpiration by reducing the leaf area. For aquatic plants, it is mainly through osmosis that water enters the plant from the environment, so aquatic plants must have the ability to automatically regulate osmotic pressure.

Aquatic animals rely on water osmosis to maintain water balance in their bodies, while terrestrial animals rely on the dynamic balance of water intake and excretion. The adaptation of aquatic animals to water density is manifested in fish swim bladders, etc.

This question is actually very big, I will mention so much, other masters will add it!

The factors that affect the life and distribution of organisms in the environment are called ecological factors, which can be divided into abiotic factors and biological factors Abiotic factors include: light, temperature, water, air, soil, etc. Biological factors include: intraspecific relationship and interspecific relationship Intraspecific relationship is further divided into intraspecific mutual assistance and intraspecific competition; There are several ways of interspecific relationship: symbiosis, parasitism, predation, and interspecific competition

So the answer is: life, distribution.

Ecosystem refers to the unified whole formed by organisms and the environment in a certain area Ecosystem includes biological and abiotic parts, while biological parts include producers, consumers and decomposers, where producers refer to plants mainly in the biosphere that produce organic matter through photosynthesis; Consumer differential refers to a variety of animals; Decomposers refer to bacteria, fungi, etc., that rely on decomposing the remains of animals and plants to make a living appearance

Therefore, the answer is: photosynthesis is used for virtual skin; Producers

In a word, it can be summed up as:

living environment.

Ecological factors, including:

Abiotic factors.

And biological factors, can affect the life of organisms, the survival of organisms depends on a certain environment, each organism must depend on a certain environment, therefore, the morphology, structure and physiological function of organisms must adapt to the environment, at the same time, the activities of organisms also affect the environment, the relationship between organisms and the environment in which they live is mutual influence, interaction, is an inseparable and unified whole.

1) Plants are the producers in the ecosystem, animals are the consumers in the ecosystem, and bacteria and fungi are the decomposers in the ecosystem The food chain between animals and plants forms through the food relationship, and the food chain shows the relationship between organisms to eat and be eaten

2) Ecosystems are composed of biotic and abiotic parts The biotic part includes producers, consumers, and decomposers; The abiotic part includes sunlight, air, soil, temperature, humidity, and water, among others

3) Through the food chain and food web, the ecosystem carries out the material cycle and energy flow, and the energy flow is characterized by one-way flow, decreasing step by step, so in the ecosystem, the higher the trophic level of the organism, the less energy is obtained, and the smaller the number of organisms The least number of organisms in the ecosystem is animals (cattle) But the energy required by the organisms in the ecosystem is the solar energy fixed by the plants for photosynthesis;

4) Decomposers mainly refer to bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms that live in saprophytic life After the death of plants and animals, the corpses will not pile up, because bacteria, fungi and other decomposers can decompose the organic matter in the corpse into inorganic matter for plant reuse.

Therefore, the answer is: (1) production; Consume; Predation.

2) Air, soil, temperature (write one correctly).

3) animals (cattle); Solar energy.

4) Organics.