How Oceanographic Satellites Work How to Monitor Submarines

The Ocean Observing Satellite System consists of a remote sensor system on the satellite and a ground remote sensing data receiving station. The remote sensors on the satellite sense various electromagnetic radiation signals from the sea surface, and the data transmission system on the satellite sends them to the ground receiving station, where the data of marine elements are processed and then distributed to users. Satellite ocean observations use remote sensors in various bands, but microwave remote sensors are the main ones.

Seawater water color scanners are visible and thermal infrared remote sensors. The color of seawater varies with the amount of chlorophyll and suspended sediment in the water, so the amount of chlorophyll and sediment in the seawater can be understood based on the results measured by the water color scanner. Based on the chlorophyll content, the potential production areas of economic fish, shrimp and shellfish and their production potential can be determined.

The microwave emission and scattering characteristics of the sea surface depend mainly on the dielectric constant of the seawater and the roughness of the sea surface. Sea surface roughness is also related to sea surface winds. Microwave scatterometers are mainly used to observe the wind field on the sea surface.

Based on the scattering coefficient of the sea surface, measured from both directions, the wind speed and direction of the sea surface can be determined. Radar altimeters are used to determine the height of sea level, combined with satellite orbit data, to calculate ocean levels, study tides and currents, and to determine sea surface wave height and sea surface wind speed. Synthetic aperture radar has a high resolution and can be used to observe the wavelength and direction of waves, and to determine ocean phenomena such as wave spectrum and internal waves in open ocean areas.

Microwave radiometers can be used to observe sea surface temperatures in a variety of weather conditions; Depending on the operating frequency, the microwave radiometer can also obtain data on sea surface wind and salinity. In addition, microwave remote sensors and thermal infrared radiometers are effective in monitoring sea ice and marine oil pollution.

How does the ocean satellite work, the following netizen has been very detailed, I will not repeat it, what I want to say is that the ocean satellite does not have the ability to monitor submarines, that is the task of military satellites. Satellites can indeed monitor submarines to a certain extent, but the monitoring effect of nuclear submarines in deep-sea activities is relatively poor, and they can only be accurately located when the nuclear submarine is on the surface or uses a buoy to transmit telegrams.

Maritime surveillance satellites are satellites used to detect, identify, track, locate, and monitor the activities of surface ships and underwater submarines in the sea.

If reconnaissance satellites can do this, there will be no need for submarines to exist, and the reason why submarines are powerful is because it wants to be a ghost and dive to a certain depth, not to mention satellites, even sonar detection systems for anti-submarine destroyers, which cannot be found.

Light travels a limited distance in the water and is quickly absorbed, while wireless telegraphy cannot propagate in a conductor, and there is no doubt that seawater is a conductor, so detection means such as deep-sea exploration, satellites and radars are ineffective.

At present, the practical technology for detecting submarines is sonar, which uses ultrasonic waves to detect, and ultrasonic waves can travel long distances in the water. The propagation reaches 5000 meters per second, but the marine environment is complex, with varying densities and temperatures as the depth changes. Ultrasonic waves can undergo phenomena such as refraction and reflection.

When the depth exceeds more than 100 meters, the black realm will appear, and everything is not omnipotent.

The role of maritime surveillance satellites is to detect and monitor the activities of ships and submarines at sea. It requires the ability to monitor the sea surface under all-weather conditions, effectively identify the shape, course and speed of the enemy's fleet, accurately determine its position, detect nuclear submarines in underwater submarines, track low-flying cruise missiles, provide dynamic intelligence on sea targets for combat command, provide over-the-horizon target indication for the advanced system, and provide important data such as sea surface conditions and ocean characteristics for the safe navigation of the country's ships. In addition, it requires the ability to detect various characteristics of the ocean, such as the height of waves, the strength and direction of currents, the speed of sea surface winds, and the nature of the coast, so as to serve the national economic construction.

Generally speaking, the marine targets to be monitored have the following characteristics: The geometric size is large, and the spatial resolution of the detection is not required; It is usually a metal structure, with obvious characteristics of radiation, scattering characteristics and albedo to visible light, especially strong reflection ability to radio waves, making radio detection an effective way to detect marine targets. Most of them are low-speed moving targets, and there is no need to use the gaze means of monitoring high-speed moving targets, but it is required to have high temporal resolution and high positioning accuracy to measure the speed and heading; By radiating radio signals at all times, the technical means of electronic reconnaissance can be used to monitor sea targets.

In general, marine surveillance satellites should have a wide coverage area to facilitate the detection of sparse ocean targets; From the needs of the best performance and actual combat, the positioning accuracy of marine targets must be better than 5km; Since marine military intelligence is always dynamic, the tracking and monitoring of marine targets, measuring position, speed and heading requires the time resolution of the marine target surveillance system to be at least 2 4h. Considering these aspects, satellites have become an effective way to monitor marine targets because of their large coverage, high positioning accuracy, short revisit time, and many detection methods. Generally, we refer to a system consisting of marine surveillance satellites as a satellite marine target surveillance system.