What are the types of cerebral palsy??? What are the types of cerebral palsy?

There are many symptoms, so it is recommended to go to the hospital for a check-up.

There are mainly spasticity, athetosis, ataxia, rigidity, tremor, hypotonia, mixed, and indistinguishable types. Among them, the spastic type accounts for about 2 3.

Spasmodic type: Manifested as fingers flexed and not straightened.

Athetosis: manifested as involuntary movement of the limbs.

Straight: Presents with stiffness of the limbs.

Dysfunctional type: Unable to perform correct movements.

Tremor type: Manifested as involuntary part of the body.

Hypotonia: presents with generalized weakness and involuntary movements.

Mixed: refers to the coexistence of several of the above types of cerebral palsy.

Spastic hemiplegia: refers to the involvement of one limb and trunk, and the upper limb is more severe than the lower limb. Decreased spontaneous movement of the limb on the paralyzed side, delayed walking, hemiplegic gait, and toe landing of the affected limb.

About 1 in 3 children develop seizures by 1 2 years of age. About 25% of children have abnormal cognitive function and mental retardation. Spastic diplegia:

Refers to the involvement of the extremities, but the lower extremities are more severe and the upper extremities and trunk are less severe. It is often detected when the baby begins to crawl. Holding up the child's armpits, the lower limbs can be crossed in a scissor-like shape.

If this type mainly affects the two lower limbs, the intellectual development is mostly normal, and it is rarely combined with convulsive seizures. Spastic quadriplegia: refers to the involvement of both the limbs and trunk, with similar severity in the upper and lower limbs, and is the most severe type of cerebral palsy, often with mental retardation, speech impairment, visual abnormalities, and convulsive seizures.

There are eight main types of cerebral palsy, including spasmodic type, athetotic type, mixed type, ataxia type, straightening type, and stiff type, of which the spastic type accounts for 65% and is the most common.

It is an upper motor neuron disability syndrome, a non-hereditary, non-progressive motor dyscoordination disease, and is a common disease in infants and young children.

Athetosis: It is mainly manifested as involuntary movements of the limbs and body. That is, the face is strange, and the neck is twisted uncontrollably.

Movements of the limbs that cannot be controlled by themselves, and these movements are irregular and uncoordinated. As a result of these phenomena, patients are unable to sit, stand, and walk steadily.

Sluggish type: the patient's limb muscles are weak, the examination limb is obviously soft, and the range of motion of the joint is larger than that of a normal person. Some experts believe that it is an early hypermanifestation of cerebral palsy, spasticity, or athetosis.

Spasmodic: This symptom is more common. The main manifestation is motor development delay, which is significantly behind that of children of the same age.

Significant stiffness of the muscles of the limbs, i.e., increased muscle tone. The feet droop significantly, like the pointed feet of a ballet dancer. The lower limbs can be crossed, and they have a scissor-like gait when walking.

Make fists with your upper limbs facing down.

Ataxia: the main manifestation is balance dysfunction, i.e., abnormal posture of the patient. When standing, you must constantly adjust your body to maintain your standing posture. When walking, spread your legs apart and walk as if you were crossing a threshold. And it is not possible to determine the direction in which the foot will land.

1.Dyskinesia – poor self-motor control and inability to grasp things. Won't speak. Won't walk. Won't roll over. It doesn't start. Won't stand hard. Won't chew and swallow normally.

2.Postural disorders – various postural abnormalities and poor postural stability. The head still cannot be erect for 3 months. It is not easy to break open in a fist. Legs are not easy to straighten.

3.Intellectual disability - normal intelligence about 1 4 mild to moderate mental retardation about 1 2 severe mental retardation about 1 4.

4.Language disorders – difficulty in language expression, slurred pronunciation or stuttering. In severe cases, they will not be able to speak.

5.Audiovisual and auditory disturbances – esotropia and difficulty discerning the rhythm of sounds are most common.

6.Failure to thrive – short stature.

7.Disordered tooth development – loose and easy to break.

8.Emotional Behavior Disorder – Stubbornness. Wayward. Irritability. Eccentric. Mood swings. Sometimes compulsions occur. Self-injury. Intrusive behavior.

Children with cerebral palsy can induce epilepsy. This is especially true in children with severe mental retardation.

1. Movement disorders. The motor ability of cerebral palsy is lower than that of normal children of the same age, the motor self-control ability is poor, and the degree of impairment is only slightly inflexible or clumsy in hand and foot movements, and in severe cases, the hands cannot grasp things, the feet cannot walk, and some even cannot turn over, sit up, stand, chew and swallow normally.

2. Postural disorders. The posture of the cerebral palsy body is abnormal, the stability of the posture is poor, the posture is awkward during exercise or at rest, the left and right sides are asymmetrical, and in some severe cases, the head is often not in an upright and neutral position like a normal child, but is accustomed to tilting to one side, or swaying back and forth.

3. Language barrier. Most cases of cerebral palsy may be accompanied by varying degrees of language impairment, some of which are manifested as difficulty in language expression or language formation, some are manifested as slurred pronunciation or stuttering, and some also manifest as aphasia, that is, they can understand other people's language, but they are unable to speak themselves, especially in the proportion of aphtotic cerebral palsy in the hands.

4. Growth and development disorders. Some mild cerebral palsy can grow and develop little or nearly normal, but most cerebral palsy is shorter and less mature than normal children of the same age.

5. Facial dysfunction. Some of the facial muscles and tongue muscles of cerebral palsy have significant spasms or uncoordinated contractions. This can lead to difficulty chewing and swallowing, difficulty closing the mouth, and drooling.

6. Emotional and behavioral disorders. Many cerebral palsy characters are more stubborn and willful, with large mood swings, good feelings and irritability, and some are even withdrawn and unsociable, and abnormal behaviors are manifested as: compulsive behavior, forcing themselves to do a certain action; self-injurious behavior, hitting oneself or hitting oneself with one's head on a wall; intrusive acts, etc.

If you have cerebral palsy, it is mainly a phenomenon of movement disorders, and it will also manifest as mood swings, easy crying, emotional fragility and other phenomena, which are related to the impaired brain function during cerebral palsy, and visual impairment when suffering from cerebral palsy, such as myopia, eye squint, etc. The most important thing is that it will be different from other normal children, and it will be very difficult to hit psychologically, so it is necessary to actively build the self-confidence of cerebral palsy patients in daily life.

Pediatric cerebral palsy, often caused by widespread brain damage, is a serious brain disorder with symptoms of neurological damage being common. The main manifestations are: movement disorders such as uncoordinated movements, stiffness, involuntary movement of limbs, head and face, or muscles of the whole body, rich and strange facial expressions, scissor-like walking, spasmodic paralyzed gait, and toe landing.

The upper extremities are flexed at the elbow and wrist. Hypertonia or hypotonia, dysphagia, difficulty in language expression, etc., often combined with mental retardation, developmental delay, epilepsy and other symptoms.

There are many causes of cerebral palsy, but the number of people who cannot find the cause may be as high as 1 3. Sometimes there may be multiple factors in some cases.

Prenatal factors are the most common, including hereditary and chromosomal diseases, congenital infection, malformation or dysplasia of brain development, periventricular leukomalacia or basal ganglia damage caused by fetal cerebral ischemia and hypoxia. Perinatal factors refer to brain injuries that occur between the onset of delivery and the first week of life, including cerebral edema, neonatal shock, intracerebral hemorrhage, sepsis or central nervous system infection, ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy, etc. Perinatal factors may be an important cause of cerebral palsy in preterm infants.

Factors after the late neonatal period include non-progressive brain injury caused by central nervous system infection, cerebrovascular disease, head trauma, and regurgitation that occur between 1 week and 3 or 4 years of age**.

What are the common early symptoms of cerebral palsy.

It's all clear here.

Normal people are able to move flexibly and maintain posture with the help of appropriate stretch reflexes. If the reflex contraction is too strong when the muscles are extended, the hands and feet are inflexible, the range of motion of the joints is limited, and it gives a feeling of spasmodic stiffness, especially in the lower limbs, and the tendon hyperreflexia can be seen in percussion of the knee, and the extension reflex center is in the spinal cord, which is innervated and regulated by the brain. Brain injury loses the ability to inhibit the spinal cord, not only hyperextlate reflexia, but also does not complete the motor instructions from the brain well, resulting in movement disorders and abnormal posture, which is the most common spastic cerebral palsy.

In general, low-birth weight infants and asphyxia infants are susceptible to this type, accounting for about 60 70 of children with cerebral palsy. Manifestations include extensor reflex or low value, standing and walking with the legs crossed, pointy feet, knee flexion contractures, and inverted femoral joint deformation.

Spastic quadriplegia: generalized impairment with more severe activity limitations, often accompanied by speech and other concurrent impairments. The two lower limbs are characterized by a crossed posture, unable to stand because of the toe landing on the ground, so that the sitting position is hunched over, the elbow and wrist joints, the fingers are flexed, and the palms are downward, and there is a slight difference between the left and right, which is almost a damage to the symmetry of the left and right.

Spastic diplegia: also symmetrical invasion. The damage to the lower limbs is heavier than the upper limbs.

Some upper limbs are close to normal and become paraplegics, but this type is almost not seen in children with cerebral palsy. The paralysis of the lower limbs is not much different from quadriplegia, and those who have been trained have the possibility of walking, and the heavy ones can also walk with crutches, and the light ones mostly walk before the age of 3 or 4.

1.Spastic – highest incidence. It accounts for 60%-70% of all patients.

It is often a mixture of other symptoms. The main manifestation is central paralysis. Divided into:

Spastic hemiplegia - spastic diplegia - spastic quadriplegia - spastic paraplegia - double hemiplegia - triplegia - monoplegia.

2.Athetosis – 20% of cerebral palsy is characterized by involuntary movements of the limbs that are difficult to control with willpower.

3.Tonics – This type is rare. Often accompanied by severe mental retardation.

4.Ataxia – this type is rare. May occur alone or in conjunction with other types.

5.Tremor – this type is rare. Presents with tremors in the extremities. Mostly resting tremor.

6.Hypotonia – Characterized by hypotonia and limp limbs. It is more common in the pre-six-year-old stage.

7.Mixed – Children may present with 2 to 3 of the above symptoms.

Cerebral palsy is a syndrome caused by non-progressive brain damage during the developmental period from prenatal to one month after birth. It is characterized by central motor dysfunction and postural abnormalities. It can train the child's intelligence and language, physiotherapy, physiotherapy, acupuncture, massage, scaffolding and plaster correction.

Children with near-normal intelligence should enter a regular elementary school with the cooperation of the teacher. Cerebral palsy is a long, complex, and arduous process for children with mental retardation. The main purpose of cerebral palsy** is to reduce the degree of disability and impairment as much as possible, to ensure the development of all parts of the child's body up to **, so that the child has the ability to take care of himself and recover from cerebral palsy.

There are four types of cerebral palsy: 1. Spastic type: the most common, with increased limb muscle tone as the main manifestation, including three types: spastic quadriplegia, spastic diplegia and spastic hemiplegia;

2. Involuntary movement type: it is caused by kernicterus or severe asphyxia after birth, the injury site is located in the extrapyramidal system, and asymmetrical posture is the main manifestation;

3. Ataxia type: it is a type of cerebellar involvement, manifested as balance dysfunction, inability to move forward in a straight line, difficulty in completing fine motor skills, etc.;

4. Mixed type: mostly a mixture of spasmodic type and involuntary movement type.

The types of cerebral palsy are according to the standards of the American Cerebral Palsy Association, and we are divided into eight types: spasmodic, athetatorial, mixed, ataxia, straight, and rigid. The spastic type accounts for 65%, which is the most, the athetotic type accounts for 20%, and the mixed and ataxia types, including the stiff type, account for a relatively rare proportion. Among them, the spastic type is divided according to the location, and we are divided into monoplegia, hemiplegia, paraplegia, diplegia, triplegia, quadriplegia and so on.

Cerebral palsy**.

1. Brain injury: such as infant brain injury during childbirth, neonatal head injury or brain infection, cerebrovascular accident.

2. Premature birth and fetal dysplasia: intrauterine infection of the fetus, slow intrauterine growth, congenital malformations. Newborns weighing less than 2500 grams are much more likely to have cerebral palsy (about 40% of children with cerebral palsy weigh less than 2500 grams).

3. Hypoxic asphyxia: including fetal hypoxic asphyxia in the mother's womb, neonatal hypoxic asphyxia during childbirth, respiratory distress syndrome, circulatory failure, and polycythemia.

4. Certain genetic diseases and neonatal kernicterus.

5. Causes of pregnant women: including abdominal trauma of pregnant women, threatened abortion of pregnant women, prenatal hemorrhage, preeclampsia and placental causes (placental abruption, placenta previa, placental necrosis or poor placental function), as well as some chronic diseases of pregnant women (hypertension, hepatitis, diabetes, drug abuse, drug overdose, etc.).

Regardless of the cause of cerebral palsy, the use of dissociative brain pacemakers** is effective.

According to the clinical manifestations of children with cerebral palsy, cerebral palsy is mainly divided into the following types.

1. Athetosis: The main lesion site is concentrated in the extrapyramidal system, which is often manifested as "worm-like" involuntary movements of the limbs, head and face, or muscles of the whole body. Nervousness and excitement worsen, less when quiet, and hyperactivity disappears after falling asleep.

Hyperactivity symptoms are especially obvious when performing conscious movements, such as not being able to touch the object smoothly when picking up and holding the object, but lifting the upper limbs high or stretching backwards, shaking, straining the whole body, increasing facial muscle activity, and strange expressions. Poor ability to move cooperatively. Speech impairment is often present due to involvement of the facial, tongue, and vocal muscles.

Cerebral palsy with isolated athetoid is often hypotonic, with no hyperreflexes and no pathological reflexes. However, this type often coexists with the spastic type.

2. Spastic type: 70% of children with cerebral palsy belong to this type. It is also the most common clinical type.

The main manifestations are a "knife-like" increase in muscle tone, mainly increased flexor muscle tone, especially in the adductor muscle groups of the lower limbs. The child has difficulty abducting both thighs, the knee is not easy to straighten when flexion, and the gastrocnemius muscle contractures cause Achilles tendon contracture. When standing upright, the lower limbs are straightened, adducted and rotated internally, and the legs are crossed in a scissor shape.

Walking with a "scissor-like" spastic paralytic gait with tiptoe landing. The upper extremities are flexed at the elbow and wrist. The affected limb presents with typical upper motor neuron paralysis, hyperreflexia, and positive pathological reflexes.

Spastic cerebral palsy can be divided into quadriplegia, hemiplegia, tripleplegia and monoplegia depending on the affected area. Among them, quadriplegia or hemiplegia is more common, and other types are rare.

3. Ataxia type: This type is rare, mainly manifested as signs of cerebellar lesions, common nystagmus, poor distance discrimination, unsteady gait, shaking and intention tremor. Muscle tone is low, and tendon reflexes are not hyperactive.

Fourth, other classified exchanges.

1. Ankylosis: It is mainly manifested as extrapyramidal symptoms such as lead-tubular or cogwheel muscle tone, and the tendon reflex is not hyperactive.

2. Hypotonia type: manifested as hypotonia, but tendon reflexes are present or hyperactive.

3. Tremor type: it is manifested as resting tremor, which is related to extrapyramidal involvement.