What medications are similar to adrenal corticosteroids?

Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex, which have the role of regulating the biosynthesis and metabolism of sugar, fat, and protein, and also have anti-inflammatory effects.

The basic structural features of glucocorticoids include the carbonyl group, δ4, and 17 ketol side chains of C3 possessed by adrenocorticosteroids, and the 17-OH and 11-OH unique to glucocorticoids

At present, the concept of glucocorticoids not only includes endogenous substances with the above characteristics and activities, but also includes many synthetic drugs with similar structures and activities that have been optimized for structure.

Glucocorticoids are divided into three categories: short, intermediate, and long-acting according to their plasma half-lives. Plasma half-life refers to the time it takes for the plasma concentration of a drug to drop by half, and in most cases it is not related to the plasma concentration, but reflects the rate of excretion, biotransformation and storage of the drug in the body. The biological half-life is the time it takes for a drug to drop by half.

Intermediate-acting hormones include: prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, and triamcinolone. Long-acting hormones include:

Dexamethasone, betamethasone and other drugs.

Short-acting: cortisone hydrocortisone.

Medium effect: prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, triamcinolone.

Long-acting: dexamethasone betamethasone.

The pharmacological effects of adrenocorticosteroids include: anti-inflammatory effect, anti-toxic effect, anti-allergic effect, anti-shock effect, antipyretic effect, anti-immune effect, choleretic and yellowing effect, effect on the gastrointestinal tract, anti-cerebral edema effect, effect on blood and hall fluid and hematopoietic system.

1) Glucocorticoids: such as corticolimb crude alcohol, corticosterone.

2) Mineralocorticoids: such as aldosterone, 11-deoxyskinketone. Laughter.

3) Sex hormones: including androgens and a small amount of estrogen.

Hormones are classified into four categories according to their chemical structure.

The first category is steroids, such as adrenocorticotropic hormones and sex hormones.

The second category is amino acid derivatives, including thyroxine, adrenal medullary hormone, pineal hormone, etc.

The structure of the third type of hormones is peptides and proteins, such as thalamic hormones, pituitary hormones, gastrointestinal hormones, calcitonin, etc.

The fourth category is fatty acid derivatives, such as prostaglandins.

Another classification of adrenal hormones:

The adrenal cortex secretes three major classes of hormones, namely mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and, to a lesser extent, the sex hormone adrenomedullary hormone secretes two hormones: epinephrine and norepinephrine.