Why do adrenal corticosteroids dry out stools? What is the mechanism? 100

Adrenal glucocorticoids can affect mood, behavior and can improve the excitability of the CNS, causing euphoria, insomnia, agitation, and a few people can show anxiety, depression, and even induce neurological disorders and seizures. Dry and rough stools are mainly caused by emotional factors. The mechanism is the central role of adrenal glucocorticoids.

The main agonists and receptors are the heart, blood vessels, and smooth muscle. 1. Cardiovascular system (1) Heart Stimulates the myocardium, conduction system and sinus node 1, so that the myocardial contractility is strengthened, the heart rate is accelerated, the conduction is accelerated, and the myocardial excitability is improved; But at the same time, it increases myocardial metabolism and increases myocardial oxygen consumption. (2) Blood vessels stimulate the receptors on the smooth muscle of blood vessels, and the vasoconstriction is the most intense in ** and mucosal vasoconstriction; Splanchnic blood vessels, especially renal vessels, also constricted significantly; Stimulates skeletal muscle and liver on vascular smooth muscle 2 receptors, vasodilation.

Epinephrine also relaxes coronary blood vessels. (3) When blood pressure ** is measured, due to the excitement of the heart, the cardiac output increases, so the systolic blood pressure increases; diastolic blood pressure remains unchanged or decreases; At this time, the pulse pressure increases, so that the blood of all parts of the body is redistributed, which is conducive to the body's energy needs** in an emergency. In larger intravenous doses, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure are elevated due to vasoconstriction.

In addition, the bronchi promote the secretion of renin. 2. Smooth muscle can stimulate the 2 receptors of bronchial smooth muscle and exert a powerful relaxation effect. It can also inhibit the release of allergenic substances (histamine, etc.) from mast cells, and can also constrict bronchial mucosal vasoconstriction, reduce capillary permeability, and help eliminate bronchial mucosal edema.

3. Metabolism can improve the body's metabolism and increase the body's oxygen consumption by 20% to 30%. Inhibiting insulin secretion, increasing glucagon secretion, and activating 2 receptors in fat can also promote lipolysis.

(2) Inhibit the uptake and utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues. High concentrations of glucocorticoids not only inhibit the binding of insulin to its receptors, but also impair the role of the glucose transport system after receptors in peripheral tissues.

Epinephrine is the main hormone of the adrenal medulla and belongs to the amine class. His pharmacological effects are mainly excitatory to the heart, effects on blood pressure in blood vessels, dilation of the bronchi, effects on metabolism. Glucocorticoids are hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex and belong to the class of steroids.

Its pharmacological effects are mainly anti-inflammatory, anti-immune, anti-endotoxin, anti-shock, antipyretic, improving the excitability of the central nervous system.

Because the effect of epinephrine on smooth muscle depends mainly on the type of adrenaline receptor on the organ tissue, it can cause the B1 receptor to predominate the gastrointestinal smooth muscle tone relaxation.

Alternative**: for post-adrenal insufficiency or subtotal adrenal resection;

Severe infection or inflammation: anti-infection must be combined with high-dose antimicrobial drugs, and viral infection is generally not used; When used for inflammation, it can reduce the production of scarring.

Autoimmune and allergic diseases: such as lupus erythematosus, allergic rhinitis;

Anti-shock: effective for all kinds of shock, can be used as a secondary drug when penicillin allergy;

Hematologic diseases: aplasia, granulocytopenia, etc.;

Topical application: contact dermatitis, psoriasis, etc. Topical use should be: hydrocortisone, prednisolone, or fluocinolone.