Why the Meiji Restoration and the 1861 Reform Succeeded, and Why did the Wuxu Reform Act fail

The Meiji Restoration and the 1861 reform were both top-down reforms, and the Wuxu Reform was a change carried out by the bourgeois reformers who instigated Emperor Guangxu, who had no real power at all, and the Guangxu Emperor was very impatient to carry out reforms, but they did not know that the feudal landlords were entrenched and held the lifeblood of this decadent empire, not to mention that the reformers pinned their hopes on a small number of Western empires and Yuan Shikai, and this reform was doomed to failure.

The Wuxu Reform touched the power of the Cixi faction at that time, and one of the reasons for the failure was because of the suppression of the Cixi faction. In addition, at the time of the reform, the Chinese bourgeoisie was not strong, and the mass support for the reform was insufficient. Moreover, at that time, the way of changing the law was not feasible, and their methods deviated.

The background of the general era is different, the first two are catching up with the era of change, while the latter is doomed to failure due to the weakness of the reformers and the inadequacy of various social conditions.

1. Chinese feudalism has been strong for more than 2,000 years, and Japanese feudal rule is relatively weak compared to China, so the strength of the Fallen Shogunist faction can grow and develop.

2. The Hundred Days Restoration did not have comprehensive and effective measures, while the Meiji Restoration implemented comprehensive and effective measures.

3. There was no military support during the Hundred Days Restoration, but after the army of the Shogunate faction grew stronger, it overthrew the corrupt rule of the shogunate and supported Emperor Meiji to implement reforms.

4. Japan's Meiji period occurred in the 60s of the 19th century, when the world as a whole was still in the period of liberal capitalism, the momentum of aggression was not as fierce as it was later, and at that time the capitalist countries were busy invading China and suppressing the resistance of the Chinese people, so objectively provided a relatively relaxed international environment for the Meiji Restoration, so that many things could be operated, and the Hundred Days Restoration occurred during the period when imperialism demanded to divide the world.

1: In terms of national conditions: China has 2,500 years of feudal rule!

And Japan has relatively only a few hundred years of feudal rule! Compared with! The roots of feudal rule are already deeply rooted in China!

Comparatively speaking, China's reforms are more inclined to "infiltration".

2: Relative to the situation of politicians: Meiji's reform activities with the support of the Japanese shogunate faction and the Japanese government itself!

The reform of the Guangxu Emperor of China was carried out in the hands of his "own father", the Empress Dowager Cixi, when the feudal power still existed and did not enjoy the majority of the support of the authorities. Will be bound to fail!

3: In terms of the reform process: Japan with hundreds of years of feudal rule!

Emperor Meiji and the Japanese authorities** spent 100 years carrying out reforms from top to bottom! And the reform measures of the Guangxu Emperor, the measures and policies issued within 100 days amounted to more than 1,000 edicts! It can be compared to China, which has 2,500 years of feudal rule!

This act is quite rapid in terms of time! Offend the strong feudal forces! No support!

Sure to fail! 4: From the perspective of the implementation effect of the reform and restoration in the two countries: the situation of the Japanese reform was a reform movement carried out with the full support of the army and the support of the people of the whole country!

Compared with Japan's 100 years of reform, it can be said that it has been strongly supported by the party, government, military, and civilian society, and the reform policy has also been implemented with 100% support from top to bottom! And Emperor Guangxu's policy on China's dream of "becoming strong overnight" is completely "there is a policy" and "there are countermeasures below"! We will not be able to carry out a thorough reform with all our might!

Feudal power will still exist!

5: Supplement upstairs! Reform success or failure!

It has nothing to do with the international environment! There is a necessary connection with the people in power! New China's reform and opening up!

Also in various countries do not help! The great powers carried out a military, economic, civil, material and other blockade! It's been 30 years!

Isn't it also developed?