What are the neurological sequelae caused by cerebrovascular accidents?

Stroke is the number one killer of human health, and in our country, there is a new patient every 12 seconds, and a person dies of stroke every 21 seconds. Cerebral stroke has become the most common disability and mortality rate in China. Stroke is not the patent of the elderly, many people's ideological concepts, feel that only the elderly will suffer from stroke, China Stroke Network clinical data show that many young people also suffer from stroke, and the number is gradually increasing, the main reason is unhealthy diet (too much salt, too heavy taste, like to eat meat, more social), bad living habits (long-term fatigue, smoking, excessive drinking.

Chronic lack of physical activity. Life is stressful, work is stressful, and mood swings. Certain diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and high blood lipids can also lead to stroke.

1. Cerebrovascular accidents, also known as stroke and stroke, are mainly divided into two categories: ischemic and hemorrhagic.

Its clinical manifestations are often sudden, acute, unconscious, or crooked mouth and eyes, speech disorders, hemiplegia, and then limb weakness, hemiplegia and other symptoms, which can be further clarified by CT or MRI.

2. Cerebrovascular accident is a sudden cerebral blood circulation and blood circulation disorder disease, also known as stroke, including bleeding disorders and ischemic diseases, risk factors for cerebrovascular accidents, mainly hypertension, diabetes, as well as blood lipid disorders, metabolic disorders, especially patients with hyperlipidemic history, as well as heart disease, such as patients with rheumatic heart disease or coronary heart disease; The second is smoking and alcoholism, which are high-risk factors for cerebrovascular accidents and can easily lead to cerebrovascular diseases, so we should pay great attention to it, try to avoid it, check it regularly, and deal with it early.

3. Cerebrovascular accident first aid should be briefly evaluated and treated as soon as possible, airway breathing and circulation problems should be treated, cardiac rhythm problems should be observed, venous access should be established, oxygen should be inhaled, and hypoglycemia should be assessed. The main points of first aid include the following:

The first point is to open the airway and keep the airway open, if it is comatose, or hypoventilation or asphyxia, it is recommended to do endotracheal intubation as soon as possible.

The second point is to ensure that the ventilation of the whole breath is unobstructed, and the blood oxygen saturation should be maintained at more than 90%.

The third point is to open the venous access to maintain the stability of blood pressure and blood sugar, and it is necessary to check the blood sugar, and the blood pressure must be above 90 60 mm Hg.

The fourth point is to try to avoid hypoglycemia, that is, to infuse fluids with too much sugar, and to avoid a large amount of intravenous infusion in a short period of time, and the amount and composition of the infusion must be controlled. Immediately after emergency treatment, transfer to hospitalization for further progress**.

4. Routine measures for the care of cerebrovascular accidents:

The first is to observe the patient's vital signs, consciousness, pupils, body temperature, pulse, blood pressure, breathing, headache, vomiting, etc.

The second is to observe eating, pay attention to whether there is swallowing, coughing, vomiting, suffocation, give a light and easy-to-digest diet, and intubate as soon as possible to give nasogastric liquid diet.

The third is to give safety measures, leave a companion, prohibit the patient from restless, and fall into bed.

Fourth, in the acute stage, it is necessary to take bed rest to protect the paralyzed limbs and carry out passive activities as soon as possible.

The fifth is to observe whether the patient has bleeding, the color, nature, and volume of urine if the patient has undergone thrombolysis and anticoagulation in the early stage.

Sixth, to keep the stool smooth, the stool is conducive to the recovery of the patient's condition, it is necessary to eat more vegetables and fruits.

The seventh is to carry out early ** as soon as possible to minimize the patient's disability function, facilitate his recovery as soon as possible, and improve his quality of life.

Eighth, it is necessary to prevent some infections, such as lung infections, urinary tract infections, as well as the prevention of pressure ulcers and venous thrombosis, so early passive activity, early ** is particularly important, and nursing is also very important.

Categories: Healthcare.

Problem description: In addition to the concept of cerebrovascular accident, I also want to know its **, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, ** points, and emergency care points. Does anyone know? The more detailed, the better, and of course you can write down what you know, thank you!

Analysis: Cerebrovascular accidents are divided into two categories: hemorrhagic and ischemic. Intracerebral hemorrhage usually occurs during daytime activities, such as mood.

Agitation, heavy drinking, overwork, etc. Before the onset of the disease, a small number of people have dizziness, headache, nosebleeds and other aura symptoms, the patient suddenly faints, quickly appears coma, flushing, crooked mouth and eyes, dull vision, unfavorable speech, hemiplegia,

urinary incontinence, etc., and some patients also have projectile vomiting. Transient erection of ischemic attack, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral thrombosis.

There are three types of plugs, which generally occur in a sleeping or quiet state, and patients often have headaches, dizziness, and numbness in the limbs

A feeling of heaviness or varying degrees of paralysis. Because most of the cerebrovascular diseases have an acute onset, rapid progression, severe illness, and are at home.

Most of the cases occur, if the rescue is not timely or the measures are improper, the condition will deteriorate quickly and be life-threatening. In this case, give.

Give appropriate, untimely home on-site first aid, to increase the rate, reduce the disability rate, reduce the mortality rate, and improve the life.

Live quality is crucial.

1. *Keep it suitable: make the patient absolutely bedridden. Patients with cerebral hemorrhage have a slightly elevated head and ischemic cerebrovascular.

The patient should be immediately placed on his back with his head tilted back to ensure cerebral blood return perfusion.

2. Keep the airway unobstructed: immediately untie the neckline, raise the neck, deviate to one side, and clean the mouth and nose in time.

secretions and vomit to prevent flow into the trachea, causing asphyxia or aspiration pneumonia.

3. Control blood pressure: If there is a spare blood pressure monitor in the home hand, immediately measure the blood pressure, if the blood pressure is 23 15kp

a. Appropriate use of existing antihypertensive drugs to keep blood pressure at about 20-21 12-14kPa, not too low.

4. Urine and urine care: for those with incontinence, replace it in time **Keep the local area clean and dry and avoid.

Wet, rubbing, **rupture**.

5. Psychological comfort: In this case, family members should not panic too much, and should remain calm, comfort the patient, and avoid it.

The patient's condition is exacerbated by excessive nervousness or fear.

6. Call the emergency center or send it to a nearby hospital for examination (such as CT) and rescue in time. Those who have a precursor to the onset of the disease.

Manifestations of cerebral ischemia should not be ignored and should be immediately sent to the hospital for hospitalization**.

7. Avoid unnecessary moving, when you must move, the action should be light, and fix the head to prevent bleeding from aggravating.

(1) Transient ischemic attack can cause one or more symptoms such as headache, dizziness, numbness of limbs, unsteady walking, mild hemiplegia, salivation, slurred speech, poor swallowing, etc., which mostly disappear in a short period of time, generally lasting a few minutes to 30 minutes, and the longest is not more than 24 hours, and most of them are unconscious.

2) Cerebral thrombosis has a history of transient ischemic attack before the disease, often in sleep or at rest, there may be dizziness, numbness, temporary confusion and other early symptoms, gradually produce hemiplegia, aphasia, consciousness disorders and other symptoms, the symptoms gradually worsen, a few hours to a few days to reach a peak.

3) Cerebral embolism suddenly causes headache, vomiting, or convulsions, hemiplegia, aphasia, and the impairment of consciousness is mild, and it mostly recovers in a short time.

4) Intracerebral hemorrhage is mostly caused during activities, such as labor, straining to defecate and emotional agitation. Severe headache, dizziness, vomiting, and distorted mouth and eyes, hemiplegia, and impaired consciousness may occur within minutes to hours.

5) Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Sudden severe headache during labor or daily life, rapid appearance of symptoms such as stiff neck, nausea and vomiting, irritability, fear of light, fear of sound, and lack of speech, and in severe cases, consciousness disorder may appear.

Cerebrovascular accident is a lesion of the cerebral or cervical arteries of the brain caused by a disorder of cerebral focal blood circulation, resulting in impaired consciousness and/or cerebral focal symptoms (speech impairment, facial paralysis, and paralysis). It was named cerebrovascular accident because of its sudden onset.

Cerebrovascular accidents can be divided into two categories: hemorrhagic and ischemic, the former including cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage; The latter include transient ischemic attack, cerebral thrombosis, and cerebral embolism. Among them, cerebral thrombosis is the most common.

Cerebrovascular accident is an acute disease in middle age and above, and it is also the most common neurological disease in elderly workers. Among them, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral thrombosis and transient ischemic attack are mostly caused by hypertension and arteriosclerosis. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is mostly caused by cerebral aneurysms and vascular malformations. Cerebral embolism is more common in young and middle-aged patients with heart disease, such as heart valve disease and myocardial infarction, caused by embolus falling off and blocking cerebral blood vessels.

The common symptoms of patients with cerebrovascular accident are: (1) transient ischemic attack, headache, dizziness, numbness of limbs, unsteady walking, mild hemiplegia, salivation, slurred speech, poor swallowing and other symptoms one or more symptoms.

Transient ischemic attack may present with one or more of the symptoms of headache, dizziness, numbness of limbs, unsteadiness in walking, mild hemiplegia, salivation, slurred speech, and difficulty swallowing.