The venom of a venomous snake enters the body mainly to cause damage to something

The main components of snake venom are neurotoxins, hemolytic toxins and enzymes, 1. Neurotoxin (wind venom) mainly blocks the neuromuscular junction to cause flaccid paralysis, and eventually causes peripheral respiratory failure, causing hypoxic encephalopathy, lung infection and circulatory failure. If not rescued in time, it will lead to death. It mainly produces muscle movement disorders, such as speech difficulties, swallowing difficulties, and double vision.

In severe cases, trismus, respiratory paralysis, etc., second, hemolytic toxin (fire poison) mainly has a variety of toxic effects on the cardiovascular and blood systems.

a) Cardiotoxins are highly toxic and can damage the structure and function of cardiomyocytes. High concentrations of cardiotoxins can cause systolic arrest in isolated frogs, and anti-excitation at low concentrations. This toxin is extremely toxic to the mammalian heart, and after transient excitation, it turns into inhibition, cardiac impairs, ventricular fibrillation, myocardial necrosis, and finally death from heart failure.

2) Hemorrhagic toxin is a vascular toxin, which increases the permeability of blood vessels, while the morphology is still intact and does not damage the cells, which can cause extensive blood extravasation, resulting in significant systemic hemorrhage, and even death due to parenchymal bleeding in the lungs, kidneys, heart and liver.

3) Hemolytic toxin contains direct or indirect hemolytic factors, and the indirect hemolytic factor is phospholipase A, which can decompose lecithin into fatty acids to form lysolucithin. In the venom of cobras and vipers, direct hemolytic factors can directly lyse red blood cells.

3. Enzymes Snake venom contains a variety of enzymes.

1) Proteolytic enzymes, a variety of snake venom contain this enzyme, which can dissolve muscle tissue and damage the blood vessel wall, causing necrosis, bleeding, and even deep tissue ulceration of local tissues of snake wounds.

2) Phospholipase A is mainly indirect hemolytic effect, which decomposes lecithin into lysolecithin, resulting in hemolysis, increasing capillary permeability and causing bleeding, causing tissues to release histamine, serotonin, epinephrine, retardin, etc., which indirectly affects the function of cardiovascular and nervous systems.

3) Hyaluronidase can destroy the integrity of connective tissue, promoting the rapid spread and absorption of snake venom from the bite site to its surroundings. (4) Adenosine triphosphate can destroy adenosine triphosphate and reduce the energy supply in the body, affect the synthesis of neurotransmitters and proteins in the body, and lead to physiological dysfunction of various systems.

It enters the blood circulation and appears as a gelatinous substance in the blood, blocking the normal flow of blood.

As a result, the wound cannot scar, and the platelets are basically useless, resulting in a large amount of blood flowing out.

Cobras, five-step snakes, pit vipers, bamboo leaf green ......Hearing the names of these snakes, do the children shudder? That's right, these are the names of some venomous snakes, they can secrete venom, and if they bite it, their lives will be in danger. So how is the venom of a venomous snake produced?

How is the venom of a venomous snake producedPrevious studies have shown that different snake venoms attack different cells, such as muscle cells, blood cells, or nerve cells. Given the high precision of this attack, some scientists have theorized that the snake's venom is formed by proteins in different organs in its body, and since the proteins have interacted with different types of cells, the venom formed is also targeted. However, scientists have not yet found enough evidence.

According to the British journal Nature**1**, Brian Free, a scientist at the University of Melbourne in Australia, recently conducted a genetic analysis of 24 proteins in snake venom that has been discovered in order to solve this problem. In the course of his analysis, he compared the amino acid sequences of each snake venom protein with those of proteins in the brain, heart, liver, and other organs of snakes. The results of the comparison showed that all 21 of the snake venom proteins were associated with proteins in these organs.

In his report, published in the latest issue of Genome Research, Mr. Freeh said, "Although the substance has changed dramatically in the process of transforming ordinary proteins into snake venom, there has been no significant change in the basic molecular structure and three-dimensional shape."

Answer]: E Common venomous snake species:

At present, it is known that there are 173 species of snakes in China, including 48 kinds of poisonous snakes, and there are 10 kinds of snakes that can cause death.

1) Nerve venomists include silver krait, krait, and sea snakes, and blood venomists include vipers, sharp-nosed pit vipers, bamboo-leaf green snakes, and soldering iron-headed snakes.

2) Mixed venomists include cobras, king cobras, kuanshizhen, and pit vipers.

= How can it be so fast, unless he is dead. The venom flowed all over the body, and you said you could live

Blood is poisonous. As for saliva, sweat, urine and other bodily fluids that are poisonous, as long as this person is still alive, it will not reach that point, and the Internet has seen too much, right?

Answer]: First aid for snake venom, including early ligation, fiber expansion and detoxification, burning and erection of the field, acupuncture, fire cupping, detoxification, closure**, topical medication and oral antidote, etc.

Snake venom is a fluid secreted by venomous snakes from venom glands, mainly toxic proteins, which make up about 90% to 95% of dry weight. There are about 20 kinds of enzymes and toxins. In addition, it also contains some small molecule peptides, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleosides, biogenic amines and metal ions.

The composition of snake venom is very complex, and the toxicity, pharmacology and toxicological effects of different snake venoms have their own characteristics. Snake venom is a toxic protein and peptide substance containing a variety of enzymes secreted by poisonous snakes, and it is also a substance that causes poisoning reactions after a poisonous snake bites. Fresh snake venom is a slightly fishy, viscous liquid like egg white, yellowish, green, or even colorless.

When fresh, it is neutral or weakly acidic, and it can become alkaline after a long time, with a water content of 50% and 75%, and the specific gravity is between. Fresh venom is easy to produce foam when exposed to air, and it is easy to spoil and deteriorate when left at room temperature for 24 hours, losing its toxicity. The snake venom can be kept in the refrigerator for 15 to 30 days, and the snake venom can be stored at room temperature for 20 to 30 years after vacuum drying or freeze-drying treatment, but the toxicity intensity and the activity of some enzymes will be reduced to varying degrees, and it can still be dissolved in water.

The snake reads ultraviolet light and the toxicity disappears after heating. Strong acids, strong bases and heavy metal salts that can denature protein precipitation can destroy snake venom. Snake venom is also susceptible to the decomposition and destruction of oxidants, reducing agents, proteolytic enzymes, etc., thus losing its virulence.

After formaldehyde treatment, it will also lose its toxicity, but the antigen can still be retained, and the landlord can go here to see.

So, what are the components of snake venom that make the human body have a toxic reaction? What are the injurious manifestations of blood poisoning?

The main components of snake venom are nerve poison, hemotoxin and enzymes, as well as cytolytic poison and hemocotin. The amount or absence of various ingredients varies depending on the snake species.

Venomous snakes with blood venom: bamboo leaf green, viper and turtle shell flower snake, etc., venom mainly affects the blood and circulatory system, causing hemolysis, hemorrhage, coagulation and heart failure.

Manifestations of blood poisoning: the bite is swollen rapidly, and the wound is painful and bleeding. Blisters or blood blisters are often present around the wound, subcutaneous ecchymosis, and tissue necrosis.

In severe cases, there is extensive bleeding throughout the body, and some patients may also have thoracic and abdominal hemorrhage and intracranial hemorrhage, which eventually leads to hemorrhagic shock. Patients may experience dizziness, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, joint pain and high fever.

Because symptoms appear earlier and treatment is generally more prompt, the mortality rate can be lower than that of patients injured by nerve toxins. However, due to the acute onset and long-lasting course of the disease, the risk period is also longer, and the consequences are serious if it is too late. **There are often local and visceral sequelae after that.

In addition, there are many precautions to be taken to avoid being bitten by snakes. For example, go to places where there are too many weeds, go out into the wild in rainy weather, and bring snake powder and anti-snake liquid on your limbs when you go to the wild.

In addition, the injured person should be immediately called on 110 ambulance** when giving first aid, and if the injured person has symptoms of fainting, respiratory paralysis and heart failure, it indicates that his life is in danger, and he or she should be taken to the hospital immediately.

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Silver ring, bamboo leaf green, cobra, hearing the names of these poisonous snakes, it is reminiscent of sizzling snake cores and deadly snake venom. And where did the snake venom happen after all? Where does the snake come from?

A scientist in Australia on Chinese New Year's Eve recently discussed and found the answer to these questions. Previous studies have shown that snake venom in divergent places can separate from cells that attack divergent places, such as muscle cells, blood cells, or nerve cells. Given the high accuracy of this invasion, some scientists have speculated that the venom of the snake is composed of the white matter of the egg in the divergent organs of the body, because the white matter of the egg has been affected by the divergent type of cells, so the venom of the constituent ground is also targeted.

However, scientists have not yet found enough evidence. According to the British "Nature" magazine **1**, Australian Chinese New Year's Eve Melbourne Chinese New Year's Eve scientist Brian Freey in order to solve this problem, compared to the genetic analysis of 24 kinds of egg white matter in the ground that has been found in the ground snake venom. In the process of dissecting the ground, he compared the amino acid sequence of the egg white texture of each snake venom with the amino acid sequence of the egg white texture in the snake brain, heart, cylinder and other organs.

The results of the comparison showed that the white matter of the 21 snake venom eggs was related to the white matter of the eggs in these organs. In his statement published in the latest issue of Genome Studies, Frey said, "Although there is a dramatic change in matter during the general change of egg white matter to snake venom, the fundamental molecular structure and three-dimensional shape have not changed significantly.

It depends on what kind of snake it is, some snakes want to die on their own, such as rattlesnakes, but there are also some snakes that have no problem with themselves, like the Egyptian cobra, this is divided into types.

Yes, if a poisonous snake fights, it will be killed by the other party's venom, and I am afraid of poison.

Yes, because the snake does not have antibodies, the venom and teeth are separated, because if you look closely there will be a tube that prevents it from flowing into the bloodstream.

Injecting the venom of a poisonous snake into its own body will also cause poisoning, because it will not have any effect on the snake when it is also secreted from the snake's body, but it will cause poisoning when it is reinjected into the body.

Yes. It will not have an effect when you shoot poison yourself, but generally you will not be immune to your own poison, such as a highly venomous snake accidentally biting your own tail, you will also be poisoned and die.

It depends on whether the venom has enough toxic components, it's hard to say.

Definitely poisoned, some snakes have parasites, itchy places bite themselves and are poisoned,

The king cobra is immune to its own snake venom, and it can also be poisoned to death if it has more, and the king snake eats its own kind

Many people believe that the venom of the eye snake comes from the cobra itself, and if the venom is injected directly into the cobra's body, it is possible.

First of all, venom is an enzyme, and the enzyme is composed of proteins, that is, if you put the cobra venom in a slightly acidic environment, this venom will naturally lose its activity and become an ordinary liquid, so the eye snake will not be poisoned when it swallows its own kind, because the stomach acid in the stomach has digested the venom of another snake. If these venoms are injected directly into the snake's body, when the venom flows to the heart with the blood transport, the cobra will definitely die, and if a cobra is bitten by its own kind or bitten by itself, it will be powerless. Since it is not possible to determine whether the oral venom entered the body or was injected into the body, it is also uncertain whether it survives or not.