What are the six basic characteristics of language?

The basic characteristics of language (arbitrariness, duality, prolificacy, displacement, cultural transmission and interchangeability.

Chapter 1 The Nature of Language.

Definition of language: the basic characteristics of language (arbitrariness, duality, prolificacy, displacement, cultural transmission and interchangeability); the function of language (greetings, instructions, providing information, asking questions, expressing subjective feelings, evoking feelings and verbal acts); The origin of language (divine, man-made, evolutionary), etc.

Chapter 2 Linguistics

linguistic definitions; the four principles of language study (exhaustive, consistent, concise, objective); Basic concepts of linguistics (spoken and written, synchronic and diachronic, language and linguistics, language ability and use of words and actions, linguistic potential and linguistic behavior); Branches of general linguistics (phonetics, phonemes.

Grammar, syntax, semantics);; Applications of linguistics (linguistics and language teaching, language and society, language and writing, language and psychology, anthropolinguistics, neurolinguistics, mathematical linguistics, computational linguistics), etc.

Chapter 3 Phonetics

The English name of the articulatory organ; pronunciation parts and pronunciation methods of English consonants; definition of phonetics; pronunciation phonetics; auditory phonetics; acoustic phonetics; classification of vowels and consonants; Strict and wide transcription, etc.

Chapter 4 Phonemics

phonemic theory; Minimum three-dimensional; free variation; complementary distribution; phonetic similarity; distinguishing features; hypersegmental phonology; Syllable; Stress (word stress, sentence stress, pitch and intonation), etc.

Chapter 5 Morphology of Lexicology

definition of lexic; Inflections and derivatives.

word formation (synthesis and derivation); definition of morphemes; morpheme variants; free morphemes; Sticky morphemes (roots, affixes, stems), etc.

Chapter 6 Lexics

Definition of words; grammatical and lexical words; conjugation and invariance; closed words and open words; word recognition; Idioms and collocations.

Chapter VII Syntax

definition of syntax; syntactic relations; Structure; Ingredients; direct component analysis; juxtaposition and subordinate structures; Sentence components.

categories (sexuality, number, case); Unanimous; Phrases, clauses.

sentence expansion, etc.

1 2 pages. Chapter 8 Semantics

definition of semantics; theories of semantics; types of meaning (traditional, functional, pragmatic); Rich's semantic points.

Kind; lexical meaning relationships (synonyms, antonyms, submeanings); Sentence semantic relationships.

Chapter 9 Language Changes.

linguistic development and change (lexical change, phonetic and written text, grammatical change, semantic change);

Chapter 10 Language, Thinking, and Culture.

Definitions of language and culture; the Sapir-Worf hypothesis; the relationship between language and thinking; Language & Culture.

Directivity (the description of the meaning of language can point to the corresponding thing), descriptive (language is the medium of expressing ideas), logic (language is a structured and regular instruction system), communicative (language is the main way for people to communicate), communicative (the process of human learning language is the process of language transmission), inheritance (language has the ability to spread infinitely), nationality (different countries and regions, communication behaviors will be different).

Directivity: Language has directionality, and the directivity of language enables the meaning description of language to point to corresponding things and things.

Descriptive: The descriptiveness of language is the embodiment of the meaning of language, and the descriptive nature of language is an important embodiment of language's ability to communicate. The descriptive nature of language is subject to the directivity of language.

Logic: Language is a structured and regular instruction system, and the logic of language changes according to the direction and description of language.

Communication: Language communication requires a set of sound instructions with a unified coding and decoding standard, which human beings need to learn and obtain, and the process of human learning language is the process of language transmission.

Inheritance: Language can be disseminated so that language has the ability to spread indefinitely, and unlimited propagation language can enable two creatures (people) in different places and regions to obtain the same set of sound and image instructions for encoding and decoding.

Ethnicity: Different countries and regions will have different communication behaviors, even in the same country, different languages in different regions will also be different.

The basic characteristic of language is that it is linear (language conveys meaning or emotion by arranging its constituent units in a linear manner); arbitrariness (the combination of Chinese language units mainly relies on word order and virtual words, while in the West, it mainly relies on complex and strictly rule-based morphological means); Systematics (language is a large, well-structured system).

Linearity: Language can convey meaning or emotion by arranging the constituent units in a linear manner, which is verbally manifested as the linguistic units can only be spoken one by one in chronological order, and more than two units cannot be spoken at the same time; In writing, it is represented as a text that must be arranged in a unidirectional linear pattern to record the linguistic unit.

Arbitrariness: The arbitrariness of language is first manifested in the conventions of the phonetic and semantic connections of language symbols, and also in the differences in the selection of language unit combinations, for example, the combination of Chinese language units mainly relies on word order and virtual words, while Western languages with obvious morphological characteristics mainly rely on complex and strict morphological means.

Systemic: Any language is composed of a large number of linguistic units, and a language is a large, well-structured system.

The design characteristics of language in linguistics are reflected in the following five aspects.

1. Arbitrariness. Language has an arbitrary type, which means that there is basically no necessary or logical relationship between the form of language and its meaning, it is arbitrary and conventional. However, linguistic phenomena such as onomatopoeia, pictographs, and compound words are non-arbitrary.

Once the referent relationship between the form and meaning of the language is determined, people follow this convention. The grammar of the language is also arbitrary.

2. Duduality. The dual sensitivity of language refers to the fact that language is a structural system, a system with two structures, a phonological system and a grammatical system. In other words, language can be divided into units of meaning (morphology) and then into phonetic units (phonemes).

The duality of language is unique to human language, and it is this duality that allows a small number of finite voices to be combined and recombined to form an almost infinite vocabulary that expresses the meaning of wireless quantity. The combination of one word and another word into a higher-level structure will also result in an almost infinite number of larger structures.

3. Producibility. Productive or generative refers to the fact that a person can understand or say words that he has never heard or seen. The comprehension and generation of these new discourses occurs through the linguistic mechanisms of the brain.

Producibility is also a unique property of human language, animal language is not prolific, and the sounds they produce only have a corresponding relationship with the meaning, and cannot be generated.

4. Shiftability. The displacement of language refers to the degree to which language can be used to indicate different spaces and times, and the degree of transplantation of information refers to the degree to which the basic characteristics of its antecedents and consequences are detached from the time and place of transmitting information. For example, we can talk about the "present" in words, we can talk about the "past" or "future", we can talk about things around us, and we can talk about things happening in distant places.

This characteristic is also unique to human language.

5. Cultural transmission habits. Human languages are deliberately passed down from generation to generation through culture or customs, rather than by biological inheritance. This is the cultural transmission of language. A striking feature of cultural transmission is imitation, and the human ability or tendency to imitate surpasses that of all other species.

Language features include:The linguistic characteristics include vividness, imagery, and expressiveness.

The language characteristics of expository essays are accurate, concise, and expressive, the language characteristics of arguments are accurate, distinct, and generalized, and the language characteristics of poetry are fresh, plain, gorgeous, subtle, and concise; The language of prose is characterized by being scattered and neat, fresh and natural.

The linguistic characteristics of narratives, whether they are narratives or essays, essays or essays, newsletters or fairy tales, are generally required to be vivid, vivid, and expressive. In terms of the linguistic composition of the narrative, there are about five partners, narrative language, conversational language, lyrical language, descriptive language, and argumentative language.

Linguistic characteristics include vividness, imagery, and expressivenessThe language characteristics of expository essays are accurate, concise, and expressive, the language characteristics of arguments are accurate, distinct, and generalized, and the language characteristics of poetry are fresh, plain, gorgeous, subtle, and concise; The language of prose is characterized by being scattered and neat, fresh and natural.

The linguistic characteristics of different languages are mainly focused on phonetics and semantics. This has to do with the social customs and cultural attitudes behind it.

The pragmatic characteristics of dialects are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. There are obvious regional habits when choosing words or sentence patterns of common language.

2. The frequent use of certain words or sentence formats is local.

3. Unique verbal responses when seeing or hearing a certain phenomenon or situation.

4. Commonly used fixed idioms and sentence formats with obvious regionality.

5. Commonly use expressions and rhetorical devices with obvious regional characteristics.

6. The way of discourse cohesion, the way of conversation, and the derivation of the meaning of conversation have certain regional habits.

7. Oral expressions and movements with obvious regional characteristics accompanied by speech forms.

<> linguistic characteristics. Words such as vivid, concise, bright, catchy, humorous, unpretentious, and gorgeous can be used to illustrate the characteristics of the word.

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Multiple choice question, dear.

How far to ask. Select all questions.

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Multiple-choice questions are good and wait for a little bit.

The appearance of the literature is characterized by the search of the title of the document (i.e., the title of the document), the name of the author, the publisher, the report number, the patent number, etc.

Literature external feature retrieval methods: document name pathway, author name pathway, document ** pathway, classification pathway, subject pathway, molecular formula pathway, citation pathway, and other ways.

Linguistic characteristics, also known as linguistic characteristics, generally refer to the stylistic characteristics of all languages that distinguish them from other languages。Differences in cultural backgrounds and contexts lead to differences in the chosen means of communication, and these differences are the basis for the formation of linguistic characteristics.

The characteristic of speech is that speech is the process of people using language to communicate (speech is the process of speaking and writing of people, and it is a kind of human behavior); Speech is a psychological phenomenon (speech is the object of psychological research); Speech is inseparable from language (speech can only be achieved with the help of language).

The linguistic characteristics of narrative essays, whether they are narratives or essays, essays or essays, communications or fairy tales, are generally required to be vivid, vivid, and expressive. In terms of the linguistic composition of the narrative, there are about five partners, namely: narrative language, conversational language, lyrical language, descriptive language, and argumentative language.

Narrative language should be objectified, conversational language should be personalized, lyrical language should be emotional, descriptive language should be detailed, and argumentative language should be profound.

Lesson 6 MQL4 Language Characteristics and Structure.