There are already Nord Stream 1, why build 2

Are you serious about this?

Are you full in the morning and stop eating at noon?

Building No. 2 must be not enough for No. 1!

Nord Stream 2 is a natural gas project.

Nord Stream 2 is a joint project between Russian gas giant Gazprom and five European companies, with the capacity to deliver 55 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year.

Gazprom, the sole shareholder of Nord Stream 2 JSC, is responsible for the implementation of the 9.5 billion euro project and bears half of the costs. As of January 19, 2021, more than 90% of the Nord Stream 2 project has been paved.

Project Development:

On September 10, 2021, Gazprom announced that the entire section of the Nord Stream gas pipeline was completed. On October 4, Nord Stream 2 AG, the operator of the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline project from Russia to Germany, issued a statement saying that it had begun injecting natural gas into the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline.

The company said it said that at the moment they began to inject natural gas into one of the pipelines of the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline, in order to allow the pipeline to reach a certain air pressure during technical tests.

The above content refers to Encyclopedia - Nord Stream 2.

Nord Stream 1 is on land, and Nord Stream 2 is at sea.

Nord Stream 2. It is a sea route from Russia through the Baltic Sea.

A gas pipeline from the bottom of the sea to Germany, which bypasses Ukraine.

Russian gas will be transported to Germany and then to other European countries via German trunk pipelines. The Nord Stream 1 gas pipeline is an overland corridor that runs from Vyborg, Russia, in the east to Greifswald, Germany, in the west, with a total length of 1,224 kilometers.

In addition, Nord Stream 1 will set the entry point in Vyborg in southwestern Russia, cross the Baltic Sea, and eventually lead to Greifswald in Germany; Nord Stream 2 will have an entry point in the Leningrad region.

The port of Ust-Luga.

The reason for the construction of Nord Stream 1.

If Russia could build a gas pipeline that would avoid Ukraine, it would be able to pay less tolls.

To maintain domestic economic stability, it can also use natural gas to expand its political influence and weaken Europe's voice on the Russian issue. That buyer is Germany, which is in the midst of the energy transition.

Under this supply and demand relationship, Russia and Germany decided to jointly build an offshore gas pipeline that bypasses Ukraine and goes directly to Europe. In 2005, then German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder and Russia**.

Putin signed an agreement on the construction of the Nord Stream gas pipeline.

Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 are both offshore pipelines with roughly parallel routes, only from different starting points. The transmission capacity is also similar, with the maximum annual gas transmission capacity of about 55 billion cubic meters.

There are three reasons for the construction of Nord Stream 2: 1. Increase the amount of ** to Europe. Because of the energy transition within Europe, coal power has been abandoned in many EU countries as non-clean energy. Natural gas energy substitution is seen as an important measure in the clean energy transition.

At the same time, due to concerns about nuclear contamination and nuclear leakage, some countries have closed nuclear power plants on a large scale, which has further increased the energy gap. Natural gas is the most cost-effective way to use pipelines because of the restrictions on liquefaction, transportation, and storage, and Russia is the most economical way to use pipeline gas**. Due to the EU's energy transition, the demand for natural gas imports has expanded, and the original Nord Stream 1 pipeline transportation can no longer meet the demand.

Therefore, the new Nord Stream 2 will be used as a supplementary pipeline to Nord Stream 1 to increase the export and backup each other to increase the stability of gas supply.

2. Reduce the dependence of land transportation on Ukraine and Poland and reduce the risk. There are seven Russia-Europe gas pipelines, including the "Yamal Europe" pipeline (33 billion cubic meters), the "Brother" pipeline (28 billion cubic meters), the Northern Lights pipeline (46 billion cubic meters), the "Blue Stream" gas pipeline (16 billion cubic meters), the "Turkey" gas pipeline (33 billion cubic meters), the "Soyuz" pipeline (24 billion cubic meters), and the Nord Stream (also known as Nord Stream 1) Natural gas pipelines (55 billion cubic meters). Among them, "Brothers" and "Unions" transited through Ukraine, and "Northern Lights" and "Yamal-Europe" transited through Belarus and Poland; "Turkey" and "Blue Stream" pass through the Black Sea, Turkey (mainly **Turkey and Southeast Europe), non-main gas supply channel, mainly gas supply to Turkey, gas supply to Europe is small.

It can be seen that the main natural gas pipelines to Europe pass through Poland and Ukraine on land. As relations between Ukraine and Poland continue to deteriorate with Russia, the overland pipeline faces greater political risks. Therefore, Russia built Nord Stream 2 to reduce its dependence on onshore pipelines and reduce risks.

3. Through land transportation, transit countries need to pay high transit fees, which reduces profits and raises exports, which is not conducive to Russian natural gas exports;

Nord Stream 1, 2 routes, it can be seen that they are basically parallel:

Nord Stream 2 is a Russian gas transportation project.

Nord Stream 2 is a joint project between Russian gas giant Gazprom and five European companies to deliver 55 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year.

The 1,224-kilometer-long Nord Stream 2 is an undersea gas pipeline from Vyborg, Russia, across the Baltic Sea to Greifswald, Germany. Nord Stream 2 runs completely parallel to the previously completed and operational Nord Stream 1 pipeline, which is designed to transport a total of 55 billion cubic meters of Russian gas to Europe every year through the two pipelines.

In 2013, Nord Stream 2 began to be planned. However, the Ukraine crisis that broke out the following year made transit countries such as Ukraine and Poland, which have onshore gas pipelines and transport Russian gas to Europe, begin to strongly oppose the construction of "Nord Stream 2" on the grounds that "Russia may use this project as a geopolitical **".

In 2018, the laying of "Nord Stream-2" began. In December 2019, Trump signed a bill imposing sanctions on companies involved in the Nord Stream 2 project. Merkel** criticized the US for interfering in Germany's internal affairs and refusing to accept such "extraterritorial sanctions".

After Biden took office, the United States has not changed its position against the construction of the "Nord Stream 2" project.