The struggle against the flood of the Yangtze River in 1954

In 1954, serious floods occurred in the Yangtze River basin, which posed a serious threat to the safety of people's lives and property. China has organized a timely struggle against floods, invested a lot of material forces, mobilized the masses and PLA officers and men, and carried out arduous rescue and disaster relief work. In the struggle against floods, the broad masses of the people enthusiastically participated, overcame numerous difficulties and dangers, and strengthened the work of strengthening embankments, dredging rivers, and transferring the masses in the form of voluntary labor.

The officers and men of the People's Liberation Army also actively responded to the call of the People's Liberation Army, racing against time to fight floods and rescue people, selfless dedication, and bravery. With the joint efforts of the people and the people, after arduous struggle, we finally succeeded in fighting floods and providing disaster relief, ensuring the safety of people's lives and property. This struggle against floods has demonstrated the strength of the unity of the Chinese people and the superb governance ability under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and has laid a solid foundation for the development of the country and the nation.

General Wen, then vice premier, was the deputy commander-in-chief of flood control, and the commander-in-chief was Premier Zhu Wen was always the commander-in-chief of the front-line command.

annual floods, including the Yangtze River, Nenjiang River, Songhua River, etc. The Yangtze River flood was one of the largest basin-wide floods in the 20th century, following the two floods in 1931 and 1954. The Nenjiang and Songhua River floods are also the most serious floods in the whole basin in 150 years.

2.The causes of the disaster were the main reasons for the 1998 flood in the Yangtze River, such as abnormal climate, excessive heavy rainfall, the decline of the storage capacity of rivers and lakes, the reduction of peak shaving and the lifting of water level.

3.The characteristics of the disaster were that the flood in 1998 was large, the impact was wide, the duration was long, and the flood disaster was serious.

4.According to preliminary statistics, a total of 29 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country, including Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, and Heilongjiang provinces, which were the most severely affected, suffered from this unwarranted disaster, with an area of 100 million mu, a disaster area of 100 million mu, a population of 100 million, 3,004 deaths, 6.85 million collapsed houses, and direct economic losses of 166.6 billion yuan.

1. Natural factors: large amount of floods: humid climate, wide river basins, many tributaries, long flood season, and large water volume.

If the climate is abnormal, heavy rain falls in the basin, and floods from the north and south tributaries and the Sichuan River hit at the same time, the main stream of the Yangtze River is bound to have a major flood. There are not enough places for flood regulation and detention in the middle reaches, and the flood detention capacity is poor; The flood discharge capacity of the middle and lower reaches of the river is insufficient.

2. Human factors - due to unreasonable human activities: indiscriminate deforestation in the mountainous areas of the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River has reduced vegetation, resulting in: the ability of the river basin to conserve water sources, regulate the historical runoff, and reduce flood peaks has been reduced; Soil erosion has intensified, the riverbed has been silted, and the flood discharge capacity has been reduced.

In the middle and lower reaches of the lake, the siltation of sediment leads to the shrinkage of the lake and the weakening of the function of flood storage.

3. The causes of the floods in the Yangtze River are both natural and man-made, but the roles of the two are different: first, natural factors, and the second is the man-made factor, and man-made causes play a role in aggravating the flood.

4. Large amount of floods: gas excavation and rotting are wet, the river basin is wide, the tributaries are many, the flood season is long, and the water volume is large. If the climate is abnormal, heavy rain falls in the basin, and floods from the north and south tributaries and the Sichuan River hit at the same time, the main stream of the Yangtze River is bound to have a major flood. There are not enough places for flood regulation and detention in the middle reaches, and the flood detention capacity is poor; The flood discharge capacity of the middle and lower reaches of the river is insufficient.

Deforestation in the mountainous areas of the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River has reduced vegetation, resulting in a decrease in the ability of the basin to conserve water, regulate runoff, and reduce flood peaks; Soil erosion has intensified, the riverbed has been silted, and the flood discharge capacity has been reduced. In the middle and lower reaches of the lake, the siltation of sediment leads to the shrinkage of the lake and the weakening of the function of flood storage.

5. Man-made causes have played a role in aggravating the flood.

The 1998 Yangtze River flood was the second largest basin-wide flood of this century, second only to the 1954 1998 flood, when the water surface of Poyang Lake expanded significantly and some key polders collapsed.

In 1998, the water area of Poyang Lake area reached 5900km2, and the flood disaster was very seriousStatistics of major flood disasters in history - 1998 Yangtze River Flood Rain: In the 1998 flood season, the rainfall in the south of the Yangtze River was more than usual, the number of rainstorm days was large, the intensity was large, the rainfall lasted for a long time, the scope was wide, and the rainfall in the Yangtze River basin was roughly divided into four stages: June 12 to 26, the rainfall was concentrated in the Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake area, and the general rainfall was 300....

In 1998, the Yangtze River basin experienced a catastrophic flood, which was caused by excessive precipitation, as well as excessive deforestation and soil erosion in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River.

A natural cause:

1. Characteristics of water system:

The river basin is wide and there are many tributaries; The vegetation in the middle and upper reaches was seriously damaged, and the sediment content increased. The middle and lower reaches are mostly plains, with curved river channels and slow water flow and poor water flow.

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2. Hydrological characteristics: flowing through humid areas, abundant precipitation, long flood season and large amount of water in the main stream.

3. Climatic characteristics; In some years, the weather is abnormal, and heavy rains fall in the basin, causing flooding.

According to historical records, from 185 BC (the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty) to 1911 (the end of the Qing Dynasty) in 2096, the Yangtze River suffered a total of 214 major floods. In the 450 years from 1499 to 1949, the Jianghan dry embankment in Hubei Province burst 186 times. Several major floods in the Yangtze River in history are as follows:

In 1788, there were major floods and floods in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. On July 23, the peak flow of Yichang was 86,000 cubic meters per second. The Jingjiang embankment broke in more than 20 places, and the flood rushed into Jingzhou City, the water depth was five or six meters, and the water receded two months later.

In 1860, the peak flood flow in Yichang was about 92,500 cubic meters per second, and the peak flood flow in Zhicheng reached 110,000 cubic meters per second. The year's floods lasted from mid-June to late July, with a late flood in November, rarely seen in a typical year.

In 1870, the flood mainly came from the Jialing River basin, the peak flow of the Beibei flood reached 57,300 cubic meters per second, the flood affected the range from the Sichuan Basin to the plain lake area in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, about 30,000 square kilometers of the area was flooded, more than 30 prefectures and counties in Hubei, and more than 20 prefectures and counties in Hunan suffered serious flood disasters. This flood was the largest since 1153.

From July to August 1931, a basin-wide flood occurred. The Yangtze River basin has been affected by disasters covering an area of 150,000 square kilometers, flooding more than 50 million mu of farmland in the middle and lower reaches, killing 145,000 people and killing more than 28 million people. The highest flood water level in Wuhan Pass reached 20 20 meters, and most of the water in Wuhan urban area was several feet to more than zhang deep, and the flood water soaked for 3 months.

From July 3 to 7, 1935, a five-day heavy rainstorm occurred in Wufeng, Hubei Province, resulting in a regional flood in the Yangtze River basin. It is mainly in the upper and lower reaches of Lishui and Hanshui. More than 2,200,000 acres of cultivated land were inundated, more than 1,000 people were affected, and 142,000 people died.

In July 1954, a basin-wide flood rarely occurred in a century, with the highest flood level in Hankou reaching 29 73 meters and a peak flow of 76,100 cubic meters per second. The total area affected by the disaster reached 54 million mu, more than 18 million victims, and the Beijing-Guangzhou line could not be opened to traffic normally for 100 days.