How the ancients delivered the message 5

Beacon communication As far back as the Zhou Dynasty, China had a method of transmitting information by beacon fire, and beacon fire, as a primitive means of sound and light communication, served in ancient military warfare. From the border to the national capital and the border defense line, a beacon tower was built at certain distances. When the enemy invaded, they lit the beacon fire one after another to give an alarm, and the princes from all walks of life saw the beacon fire and immediately sent troops to help resist the enemy.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to prevent the invasion of the enemy, the "Feng Tunnel" was used as a communication signal for border defense. In the ancient history book "Zhou Li", there is such a record: "On the passage from the frontier to the hinterland of various countries, at intervals, a beacon tower was built, one after another, and there were orange trees on the platform, and there were cages with firewood and grass on the head of the orange trees, and when the enemy invaded, the beacon towers set off fireworks one after another to transmit alarms." Every night warning, the defender of the platform lights the firewood and grass in the cage and lifts it high, and transmits information to the leading platform by the light of the fire, which is called "Feng", and the daytime warning ignites the grass accumulated on the platform, and uses smoke to show urgency, which is called "Sui".

In order to make the smoke straight and not bent, so that it can be seen from a distance, the ancients often used wolf dung instead of grass, so it is also called wolf smoke. The Zhou Dynasty stipulated: The princes of the Son of Heaven must immediately lead troops to the rescue and jointly resist the enemy.

It can be seen from this that the implementation of the beacon system means that a huge and perfect military information contact network has appeared as early as Zhou.

Didn't you hear that there is a flying pigeon book?

It depends on what it's for.

Transmission of letters: Ordinary civilians pass letters, mainly relying on passers-by, monks, literati and other travelers, these people carry letters, and they can solve the problem of food and accommodation on the way, and they are also very willing!

The official is mainly a post station.

Transmit military information: The army must have full-time personnel in this regard, in addition to beacons and carrier pigeons.

The accuracy of carrier pigeons to send letters is low, most of them are letters, but they take a long time in months, and there are also 100 li expedited, 200 li expedited, and 300 li expedited by horseback riding、、、 but it costs a lot of money, and generally this kind of "express delivery" is mostly used for officialdom letters.

The ancients had about --

Feathers: A letter with a feather inserted to indicate the urgency of war.

Chicken feather letter: generally used in the folk.

Feather Book: Used to recruit troops.

Pigeon biography: mostly used in the court, officials, and gangs.

Bamboo tube: used by officials and people, similar to the current envelope.

Urgent foot delivery: used for the transmission of urgent military information, commonly known as "gold medal".

There are also military means such as beacon fire and wolf smoke.

Torches can be used.

The ancients used the following methods to convey information:

1] Feathers: Letters with feathers are mostly used in the urgency of war.

2] Chicken feather letter: generally used in the folk.

3] Feather Book: Used to recruit troops.

4] The pigeon biography [the said flying pigeon biography].

5] Fast Horse Biography.

6] Bamboo tube: used by officials and people, similar to the current envelope.

7] Urgent foot delivery: used to transmit urgent military information, commonly known as "passing gold medals".

8] Different dynasties such as Beacon Fire and Wolf Smoke had different ways of transmission.

The story of the ancients who delivered a message.

The ancients used the following methods to convey information:

1] Feathers: Letters with feathers are mostly used in the urgency of war.

2] Chicken feather letter: generally used in the folk.

3] Feather Book: Used to recruit troops.

4] The pigeon biography [the said flying pigeon biography].

5] Fast Horse Biography.

6] Bamboo tube: used by officials and people, similar to the current envelope.

7] Urgent foot delivery: used to transmit urgent military information, commonly known as "passing gold medals".

8] Different dynasties such as Beacon Fire and Wolf Smoke had different ways of transmission.

The story of the ancients who delivered a message.

Antiquity: China was one of the first countries in the world to establish an organized transmission information system. As early as the Shang Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago, information transmission was recorded.

Passing by horse is called a post pass, which is an early organized form of communication. Located in the square of Jiayuguan railway station, the "post envoy" sculpture, it is taken from the Jiayuguan Wei and Jin mural tombs, the post envoy holds a simple paper, the post horse is four-legged in the air, and the speed is fast. In 1982, the First Congress of the All-China Philatelic Federation was used as a theme pattern for small stamps, which shows that Jiayuguan is one of the birthplaces of China's information culture.

During the Qin and Han dynasties, a complete set of post transmission systems was formed. Especially in the Han Dynasty, the documents transmitted were divided into grades, and the documents of different grades should be transmitted by special personnel and horses in accordance with the prescribed order and time. The sending and receiving of these documents must be registered, and the time should be indicated to clarify the responsibility.

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the post industry developed unprecedentedly. The official postal transportation line of the Tang Dynasty took the capital Chang'an as the center, radiated to the four directions, and went directly to the border area, with a post station roughly 30 miles. According to the records of the Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty, there were 1,639 post stations in the country at its peak, with more than 20,000 people specializing in post services, including 17,000 post soldiers.

The post post is divided into three types: land post, water post and waterway merger, and each post station is equipped with a post house, equipped with a post horse, a post donkey, a post boat and a post field.

In the Tang Dynasty, there were also clear regulations on the itinerary of the post post, and the land post fast horse walked 6 posts a day, that is, 180 miles, and then 300 miles a day, and the fastest required 500 miles a day; Walkers travel 50 miles a day; When sailing against the current, the river travels 40 miles, the river travels 50 miles, and the other 60 miles; When going down the river, it is always 100 to 150 miles. The poet Cen Shen wrote in the poem "The Judge of the Character on the Way to Longshan at the First Stage" that "one post passes through one post, and the post rides like a stream of stars; Pingming sent Xianyang, curtain and Longshantou". Here he compares the stagecoach to a shooting star.

On November 9, the 14th year of Tianbao, An Lushan rebelled in Fanyang. At that time, Tang Xuanzong was in Huaqing Palace, and the two places were separated by three thousand miles, and Tang Xuanzong knew the news within 6 days, and the transmission speed reached 500 miles per day. It can be seen that the organization and speed of post communication in the Tang Dynasty have reached a very high level.

In the Song Dynasty, all official documents and letters were collectively referred to as "delivery", and "express delivery shops" appeared. There is a copper bell tied to the collar of the post horse of the express delivery, and when galloping on the road, the bell is ringed during the day, and the fire is raised at night, and the person who is killed is not responsible. Shop for horses, number of shops for people, rain or shine, day and night.

In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, the anti-gold general, was forcibly recalled to Lin'an from the front line by Song Gaozong with twelve gold medals.

In addition, there are bells and drums, fireworks, pigeons, flags, wolf smoke and other ways to convey information.

Flying Pigeon Biography. Balefire. Post Den.