What are the layout characteristics of the courtyard and the reasons for its formation?

"合" is to combine together to form a mouth shape, which is the basic characteristic of the courtyard. Courtyard HousesThe courtyard houses in Beijing are large and small, dotted, or in the bustling streets, or in the quiet deep alleys; The large ones cover an area of a few acres, and the small ones are only a few feet; or exclusive single-family households, or several households, more than a dozen households live together, forming a system that conforms to human psychology and maintains traditional culture.

A living environment with harmonious neighborhood and foreign relations.

The courtyard house is a general term for the traditional house with the main house and the east and west wings forming a plane layout around the middle courtyard. Residential houses in China.

It has the longest history and the most extensive distribution, and is a typical form of Han people's dwellings. Its history has been more than 3,000 years, Western Zhou Dynasty.

At that time, the form has begun to take shape, the gate of the courtyard is generally opened in the southeast corner or northwest corner, the north house in the courtyard is the main house, the main house is built on the base of brick and stone, the scale is larger than that of other houses, and it is the living room of the owner of the courtyard. On both sides of the courtyard, there are east and west wings, which are where the younger generations live. There is a corridor between the main room and the side room, where people can walk and rest.

The walls of the courtyard and the houses facing the street generally do not open windows to the outside, and the environment in the courtyard is closed and quiet. There are courtyard houses of all sizes in Beijing, but no matter how big or small, they are all made up of courtyards surrounded by houses on all sides.

There are two main reasons for the formation of courtyard houses in Beijing: the first is that the natural factors are that Beijing is cold in winter and hot in summer, and the courtyard in the courtyard house is closed and open on all sides, which can create a good internal microclimate and reduce the impact of bad external climate. It can effectively shade and cool in summer, have good lighting and keep warm in winter, and effectively resist wind and sand in spring.

The open-air and transparent courtyard is also an air outlet even if it is an air inlet, and it passes through natural wind pressure.

Get smooth ventilation for healthy and fresh air quality.

In addition, the courtyard is good for drainage and rainwater collection. The second is the Chinese feudal society made by political factors.

For more than 2,000 years, a set of strict social behavior norms have been formed, and the characteristics of the courtyard house with strict defense, introverted stability, and orderly order are highly consistent with this set of norms, which is also a reason for the courtyard to be preserved in the years, and it is also the advantage of the courtyard. Thank you.

The formal courtyard house, one household and one house, the plane layout can be large or small. The owner of the house can build according to the size of the land area and the number of people in the family, so small that there can be only one entry, large enough to three or **, and two quadrangle wide courtyards can also be built with a cross courtyard. The small one has 13 rooms; For the first or second hospital, there are 25 to 40 rooms.

The back wall of the wing house is a courtyard wall, and the corner is built with a brick wall. The large courtyard is surrounded from the outside by a wall with tall walls and no windows to show its secrecy.

The Beijing area is relatively arid, so it is common to use hard mountain tops with shallow eaves and moderate roof slopes. The Beijing Courtyard House is a traditional building left over from the Ming and Qing dynasties, and is inevitably strictly constrained by the hierarchical system. It is subject to the overall planning of the city. There are also factors of the natural environment.

The layout of the courtyard is characterized by a closed building, the main reason is to resist foreign invasion, so it is better to take care of the overall situation when enclosed!

Quadrangle, one of its characteristics is actually a quadrangle in the overall layout is very good, so, in this case, its cause is due to the development of history to finally form a quadrangle, then in this case, many quadrangle is like the courtyard in Beijing, his characteristics are the same.

The courtyard house is a traditional folk house in the north and a kind of folk architectural style in China. During the Liao Dynasty, the courtyard house had been formed, and it was gradually improved by the Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, forming the most characteristic form of Beijing. When others mention "Courtyard House", many people's minds will come up with the scene of the Beijing Courtyard in the TV series.

So what are the characteristics of the layout of the quadrangle?

First, the size of the buildings varies

The large courtyard house is also known as the "mansion gate". It is generally a duplex courtyard, and to put it simply, there are courtyards in the courtyard. In the "mansion gate", there are many courtyards, such as the front yard, the back yard, the east courtyard, the west courtyard and so on.

The mansion gate covers a wide area, mainly for the ancient yamen and official residences.

The middle courtyard mainly includes five north rooms, three main rooms and two ear rooms, and three wing rooms in the east and west; The front yard and the back yard are separated by a courtyard wall.

The small courtyard house consists of three north rooms, two wing rooms in the east and west, and three main rooms. The common people mainly live in the middle and small squares.

The orientation of south, north, west, and east is different from that of buildings in the southern region.

Second, the materials are simple

The building material of the courtyard is mainly wood, which is light in weight, and the overall building is mainly gray and blue, giving people a simple and rustic feeling.

The courtyard of the courtyard is spacious, and the houses on all sides are distributed independently, although they are connected by corridors, but they do not interfere with each other. There are few windows on the outer walls of the courtyard, and only in the southeast corner of the courtyard there is a gate. If you close the gate and play in the yard, the privacy is obviously good.

Fourth, there is more greenery and less waterscape

The owner of the courtyard likes to plant some flowers and plants, mainly begonias, pomegranates, and peonies, and never like the south will plant some fruit trees in the courtyard. There are few water features in the courtyard like those in the southern courtyard.

The reason why the courtyard has these characteristics is related to the environment and climate in which it is located. Of course, the Beijing courtyard house also has a strong feng shui influence.

Most of them are mainly main houses, and have a traditional layout, the scale is very large, very local folk characteristics, combined with a lot of traditional crafts, and so on.

Generally, it is planned and built according to the central axis, and then it is generally a house for one family, and there will be a screen, and then the gate is generally in the northwest corner or southeast corner, and the northernmost house in the courtyard is the main house.