The development status of electric buses, the basic components of electric buses

The electric bus consists of three parts: the electrical system, the chassis, and the body.

Three core components: battery, motor, electronic control.

Electrical systems. Electrical system: It is divided into two systems according to function:

1) Power system - battery, motor, etc.

2) Control and auxiliary systems - electronic control, accelerators, switches, wiring harnesses, chargers, etc.

Among them, the battery is still dominated by lead-acid batteries, and some vehicles may be equipped with lithium-ion batteries or iron-ion batteries due to customer requirements, but they are relatively expensive.

Power motors are used more DC series motors, DC separately excited motors, brushless motors, switched reluctance motors, AC asynchronous motors, etc., among which DC series motors and DC separately excited motors are widely used in electric vehicles due to their cheap and superior performance.

Chassis chassis is divided into four systems according to function:

1) Drive train - clutch, gearbox, universal drive shaft device, final reducer, differential and half shaft in the drive axle, etc.;

2) Driving system - play the role of link and bearing. It mainly includes frames, axles, wheels and suspensions, etc.;

3) Steering system - including steering wheel, steering machine and transmission rods, etc.;

4) Brake system - used to control the speed and parking of the vehicle. Brakes and brake controls are included.

The body is divided into two parts: the front and the cabin.

The front of the car is the driver's position, which can generally accommodate two people, the driver and the co-pilot.

The carriage is modified according to the customer's needs, including its carriage configuration, materials, space design and so on.

At the beginning of 2010, the International Climate Organization interviewed 40 experts in the field of electric vehicles, and the results showed that the importance of charging infrastructure construction ranked second among the many influencing factors for the development of electric vehicles, surpassing the purchase factor, and second only to the first battery technology improvement factor. All parties have reached a consensus on the basic and key role of charging facilities.

From the perspective of foreign development, although the construction of charging facilities in major developed countries is still in its infancy, the support is very large. From the perspective of domestic development, the main participants in the construction of charging facilities in China include the State Grid Corporation, China Southern Power Grid Corporation, Putian CNOOC, Sinopec, BYD and other enterprises. In recent years, China has put into operation a certain number of charging stations and charging piles, charging methods such as fast charging, slow charging, battery replacement and so on, the early work for the follow-up construction provides valuable experience.

Although the construction of charging infrastructure has been generally attached great importance at home and abroad, but at present, countries around the world are facing a series of problems such as unclear technical standards and operating models, and China urgently needs to increase research and innovation on the basis of pilots, and explore a charging infrastructure development path suitable for China's national conditions. Famous automobile manufacturers around the world are stepping up the development of various types of electric vehicles, and have made a certain degree of progress and breakthroughs.

First, Japan has always attached great importance to the research and development of electric vehicles out of concern about the energy crisis and environmental protection, and the consideration of occupying the future world automobile market. Looking at the current situation around the world, Japan is one of the few countries with the fastest development of electric vehicle technology, especially in the development of hybrid vehicles, Japan is the world's leader.

Second, the United States. U.S. auto companies are much inferior to their counterparts from Japan in terms of electric vehicle industrialization, and the three major auto companies have only produced and sold pure electric vehicles in small batches, while hybrid and fuel cell electric vehicles have not yet been industrialized, and hybrid electric vehicles from Japan dominate the U.S. market.

Thirdly, Norway. In 2012, Norway sold 10,000 electric vehicles, accounting for a percentage of new car sales that year, which is remarkable for Norway, which has a population of only 5 million. In 2012, the Nissan Leaf ranked 13th in the Norwegian car sales market, and other brands of electric vehicles include Revas and Kewetbuddies.

Key features:

1. Economy; 2. Practicability; 3. Convenience; 4. Extensiveness.

This car is very suitable for business events, departmental visits, long-distance trips, small group outings, and sightseeing receptions.

Low pollutant emissions.

Electric minibuses basically do not emit harmful gases in use. In terms of energy conversion, electricity is also cleaner than direct combustion of fuel, according to the California Air Resources Board, the widespread use of electric vehicles in the Los Angeles area can reduce hydrocarbons by 98%, carbon monoxide by 99%, and carbon dioxide by a significant reduction. Empirical evidence shows that the energy efficiency of electric buses has surpassed that of gasoline engine vehicles, and the cost of electricity consumption per 100 miles is only about 1 3 of the cost of fuel buses.

At present, the only one in China that has the research and development and production technology of AC inverter electric sightseeing car, Shenzhen land boat electric vehicle, its electric bus performance and core technology are in the leading position in the world, energy efficiency is as high as 92%, 100 miles of electricity consumption is only 1 5 of ordinary fuel bus. Moreover, it has stable performance, short charging time, fast speed, long driving range, strong anti-overload ability, no burning motor, strong climbing power, and makes passengers feel comfortable. There is no need for maintenance during use, no need to add acid and water, and the battery has a long service life, generally for three years.

High energy efficiency and energy diversification.

The electric bus is higher than the fuel vehicle in terms of energy utilization, and the electric bus can also be used to brake energy for a short time without consuming energy, and the electric bus can also charge the battery for braking energy, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency of the bus and extending the driving range. On the other hand, the electric energy charged by the electric battery can also be obtained through hydropower, wind energy, nuclear energy, solar energy, thermal energy, tidal energy, natural gas, combustible ice, etc., so as to diversify energy, reduce dependence on oil, and improve national energy security and national economic security.

Less waste heat is emitted.

Ordinary internal combustion engine vehicles emit a large amount of waste heat during operation, resulting in an increase in ambient temperature, which further affects the "heat island effect" in large cities. Electric minibuses emit little or no heat at all, which can reduce the "heat island effect" in cities.

Low noise: The noise of the electric motor is much smaller than that of the internal combustion engine, so the electric bus is quieter than ordinary cars when working, and it is more environmentally friendly.

It is possible to change the structure of conventional vehicles.

Due to the miniaturization of the electric motor, it can be arranged in many parts of the body to achieve different body structures to meet new use requirements and appearance requirements. Traditional medium-sized buses are unable to meet these requirements due to engine limitations.

This type of vehicle is very suitable for business events, departmental visits, long-distance travel, small group outings, and sightseeing receptions.

Although Sakurakei can only seat 19 people, its carrying capacity is much greater than the weight of 19 people. Nowadays, there are many local ** and large companies, and more than 10 people often organize groups together for visits, research, reception and business activities. In the face of rising oil prices, the frequent transfer of fuel buses for pick-up and drop-off is extravagant and wasteful, which is not conducive to the positive image of the company and the enterprise.

However, the low-carbon, spine and cautious, environmentally friendly and comfortable electric minibus can solve the above problems, the electric minibus not only has the characteristics of low cost and excellent performance, but also has a large space, luxurious decoration, comfortable ride, and can bring guests a feeling of respect.

The driving force overcomes the resistance of the cavity f=f=2000n

Functional expression, w(overcome)=fs=

The rated power is the power of the speed delay in the 80km yard cavity H, and the resistance received at this time is 2000N, P=FV=