The discussion of the four ends is two, and the practical significance of the four ends

Four endsThe practical significance is that Confucianism calls the four virtues that should be deserved, namely: compassion, the end of benevolence; The heart of shame is also the end of righteousness; The heart of resignation, the end of courtesy; The heart of right and wrong, the end of wisdom.

"Four ends" said to be Mencius.

An important part of his thought is also an important contribution to the theory of pre-Qin Confucianism.

Mencius's Theory of Sexual Goodness.

The theory of benevolence and righteousness and the theory of benevolence and government are all related to the theory of the "four ends" and are said around the "four ends". It can be said that the proposal of the "four ends" theory really marks the maturity of Mencius's thought.

The connotation of the four ends advocated by Mencius includes not only the requirements for the cultivation of inner moral cultivation, but also the guidance and restraint of external behavior, which is Mencius's Confucianism.

One of the important contributions has had a profound impact on Chinese history.

Specifically, the "four ends" are "the heart of compassion", "the heart of shame", "the heart of resignation", and "the heart of right and wrong". They are the sources of "benevolence", "righteousness", "propriety" and "wisdom"; Mencius called these four sources the "four ends."

Mencius said, "The heart of compassion is the end of benevolence; The heart of shame is also the end of righteousness; The heart of resignation, the end of courtesy; The heart of right and wrong, the end of wisdom. According to Mencius, these four ends are innate, just as human beings have limbs, and are inherent.

The reason why man is different from beasts is that he has these four ends. Some people can expand the four ends and work hard to cultivate; Some people give up on themselves and do not give full play to their true nature, thus forming a high and low character, good and evil. However, even if a person with an extremely bad character has never lost his inherent four ends, but has only been hidden and not revealed.

In addition, Mencius also compared the "four ends" to the "four bodies" of human beings, and compared the goodness in human nature to be innate, like the limbs. Moreover, Mencius believed that to recognize the nature of goodness is to carry it forward.

Four endsIt refers to the heart of compassion, the heart of shame, the heart of respect, and the heart of right and wrong. In Mencius.

It is discussed in the "Confession of the Son":

If it is emotional, it can be good, but the so-called goodness is also difficult to return. If the husband is not good, he is also guilty of being untalented. Everyone has compassion; Everyone has a heart of shame; Respectful, everyone has a rent; Everyone has the heart of right and wrong.

compassion, benevolence; The heart of shame is also righteousness; Respectful heart, courtesy; The heart of right and wrong, wisdom also. ”

Translation: From the point of view of natural temperament, it can be made good, which is the meaning of the inherent goodness of human nature. As for saying that some people are not good, that cannot be attributed to the natural aptitude of compassion, which everyone has; Shame is common to all; Respect, everyone has; Everyone has the heart of right and wrong.

Compassion belongs to benevolence; Shame belongs to righteousness; Respect is courtesy; Right and wrong belong to the mind.

The four-end explanation refers to the beginning and germination of the four moral concepts of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, and wisdom. "Mencius: Gongsun Choushang": "The heart of compassion is the end of benevolence; The heart of shame is also the end of righteousness; The heart of resignation, the end of courtesy; The heart of right and wrong, the end of wisdom.

There are four ends of people, and there are four bodies to start the ruler. "Book of Sui, Literary Biography, Pan Hui": "The source opens three copies, and the body is at four ends.

Qing Fangbao's "Reading Mencius": "Both the five natures are revealed, and the four ends are reopened, so that the knowledge is not more than the matter of being close to the brother." "Word decomposition Explanation of four ì several names, three plus one (often capitalized on banknotes and documents):

Square. Quadrilateral. Four prefaces (i.e., "four seasons").

Quadruple Body (a refers to the limbs of a person; b refers to Kai, grass, Li, seal four fonts). Four libraries (ancient books, history, children, and collections of the four parts of the generation of the needy name. Also known as the "Four Parts").

4 Gentleman Explanation of Duan 端 端 ā 正, not skewed: 正正 (a Things are not skewed; b decent, correct ; c to make it right). Duan Li.

Decently. Dignified. Duan Xiu.

Duanjing. Sitting. Decency, integrity:

End square. Straight and quiet. End weight (恘 ).

Misconduct. One end of things: the end of the (?.)

a What happened ,

The four-end explanation refers to the beginning and germination of the four moral concepts of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, and wisdom. "Mencius: Gongsun Choushang": "The heart of compassion is the end of benevolence; The heart of shame is also the end of righteousness; The heart of resignation, the end of courtesy; The heart of right and wrong, the end of wisdom.

There are four ends of human beings, and there are four bodies. "Book of Sui, Literary Biography, Pan Hui": "The source opens three copies, and the body is at four ends.

Qing Fangbao's "Reading Mencius": "After exposing the five natures, reopening the quarrel and answering the four ends, so that the knowledge is actually not promoted Li Hui is more than a matter of personal obedience to his brother." ”

Word decomposition Explanation of four ì several names, three plus one (often capitalized on banknotes and documents): four squares. Quadrilateral.

Four prefaces (i.e., "four seasons"). Quadruple Body (a refers to the limbs of a person; b refers to Kai, grass, Li, seal four fonts). Four libraries (the name of the four parts of the ancient books, history, children, and collections.)

Also known as the "Four Parts"). 4 Gentleman Explanation of Duan 端 端 ā 正, not skewed: 正正 (a Things are not skewed; b decent, correct ; c make it right) to disturb it.

Duan Li. Decently. Dignified.

Duan Xiu. Duanjing. Sitting.

Decency, integrity: square. Straight.

End weight (恘 ). Misconduct. One end of things:

End of the (?.)a What happened ,

1. The four ends refer to the four virtues that Confucianism calls should, namely: compassion and benevolenceHe judges the heart of shame, and the end of righteousness;The heart of resignation, the end of courtesy; The heart of right and wrong, the end of wisdom.

2. The theory of "four ends" is an important content of Mencius's thought, and it is also an important contribution of Mencius to the theory of pre-Qin Confucianism.

3. Mencius's theory of goodness, benevolence, righteousness, and benevolence are all related to the "four ends" theory, and they are all based on the "four ends". It can be said that the proposal of the "four ends" theory really marks the maturity of Mencius's thought. However, in previous studies, people have seldom touched on such important questions as the background and time of the formation of the "Four Extremes" theory, which is in strong contrast with the formation of the phenomenon of the phenomenon of the abundance of sweat and cattle in Mencius's research literature, which cannot but be said to be a shortcoming.

In view of this, this article intends to discuss this issue for the sake of correction.