In ancient times, what was the ratio of officials to the people in China, and how many ordinary peop

In essence, the more taxes are paid to the people, so the lower the ratio between the people and the people, the heavier the taxes of the peopleNot every dynasty has detailed data, but the data from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty can be obtained that the people's taxes account for more and more weight, and the number of ** is increasing. <>

In the Tang Dynasty, a ** was about 3,000 people, and then in the Qing Dynasty, it was a ** compared to 900 people, which means that the original 3,000 people raised one**, and now 900 people raised a ** The tax paid is naturally three times higher. The pressure on the people is increasing, and there are natural disasters during the Ming and Qing dynasties.

There are more, because the Ming and Qing dynasties were the Xiaoice era.

At that time, the overall temperature was relatively lowIn winter, the general temperature in the north can reach minus 30 degrees Celsius and minus 40 degrees, and there is no good harvest for natural crops, and the pressure on the people is increasing. <>

Each dynasty has its own situation, but from the phenomenon of redundant soldiers and redundant officials, the Song Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty should be more, because the phenomenon of redundant soldiers and redundant officials in the Song Dynasty is the main reason for the collapse of the later rule, and then the Qing Dynasty may also have taken this old road, and the Ming Dynasty has a certain improvement, because the Ming Dynasty absorbed the reasons for the fall of the Song DynastyThen he made some improvements, but in the Qing Dynasty, he took this old road again, so the burden of the people became heavier and heavier, and the people couldn't stand it and had to live to naturally rebel. <>

The ratio of the government and the people, this is a very key number, just through such a simple number, we can understand the attitude of this dynasty towards the **, the attitude towards the people, and what kind of political strategy? If all the ** only have the saying that there is no next office, then the number of ** will inevitably increase,But when it comes to the dynasty,Zhu YuanzhangAfter taking the position, it was established that you would retire if you were above 60, even if you lived to be 60 years old, you won't be allowed to do it, retire and go home.

In fact, the ratio of officials and citizens in each dynasty is different. In the Tang Dynasty it was 1:2927. The Yuan Dynasty was a sum of 2613. Tang Yuanming is about the same. But in the Qing Dynasty it was 1:911.

In the Western Han Dynasty, the ratio of officials to people was 1:7945, in the Tang Dynasty it was 1:2927, and in the Ming Dynasty it was 1:

2299, Qing Dynasty is 1:911. With the development of the economy, it is necessary to increase the number of external management, and the increase in the number of institutions means that the more people will be under pressure.

Taking the Tang Dynasty as an example, its administration was divided into **, the province under the jurisdiction of the prefecture, the prefecture, the prefecture (including the capital protection of the prefecture), and the prefecture under the county. At the end of the Kaiyuan Dynasty (740), there were 15 provincial governorships, 328 prefectures, and 1573 counties. At this time, the territory of the Tang Dynasty had surpassed the heyday of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

At the grassroots level, according to each county, there are a county order, a county order, a master book, and a total of 4 official records, and there will be about 15,000 civil officials.

In modern times, what is the definition of an official? If according to the rank, the deputy section and above are considered officials, it is too much:

As of December 31, 2004, there were 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government and 2 special administrative regions in the country. 50 regions (states, leagues); 661 municipalities, including: 4 municipalities directly under the central government; 283 prefecture-level cities; 374 county-level cities; 1,636 counties (autonomous counties, banners, autonomous banners, special zones and forest areas); 852 municipal districts.

Total: 34 at the provincial level, 333 at the prefecture level, and 2,862 at the county level. In addition, there are 11 district offices, 19,522 towns, 14,677 townships, 181 sumu, 1,092 ethnic townships, 1 ethnic sumu, and 6,152 sub-districts, that is, a total of 41,636 at the township level.

This is only the administrative agency, there are more functional departments besides the first time, such as public security, taxation, various bureaus and commissions, as well as many inspectors, investigators, and chief staff members who have levels but no leadership positions. It is estimated that he is an official, and he can be called: xx long, there must be 1.8 million

The ratio of the government to the private sector in China has always been a confusing account. It is not surprising that China's public financial support is largely a muddled account. Those who know the data will not speak; Those who want to know, have no way of knowing.

Ren Yuling made a statistic himself: "Our official-civilian ratio has reached 1:26, which is 306 times higher than that of the Western Han Dynasty and 35 times higher than that of the late Qing Dynasty."

Even compared with the 1:67 in the early days of reform and opening up and the 1:40 in 10 years ago, it is much higher.

And Ren Yuling's 1:26 is to count all the people who are supported by taxpayers in the "official". Similar statistics to him are ** Party School Professor Zhou Tianyong called 1:

18。The two calibers represent two strata. Due to the different calibers, the data of the two classes differed by nearly 10 times.

Could it be that the heads and brains of those public institutions are not officials? Think about it, why do people pay so much attention to the ratio of government and people? Is it to know how many civil servants there are in China?

Of course not, taxpayers want to know why they have to bear such high taxes, why they pay high taxes but do not enjoy decent services, and who pays those taxes they pay to enjoy them.

If all civil servants are counted as officials, the number is at least 10 million or more.

According to the third census implemented in our country, the proportion of officials and people in all dynasties is very different, the largest disparity is the Western Han Dynasty, which has reached an astonishing number of nearly 1:8000, the Tang Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty are not much different, in the range of 1000, from the Western Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the proportion of officials and people in this period has changed most obviously, and the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty is relatively obvious. In the Han Dynasty, there was a saying in this regard, assuming that a county had an official in every ten officials, which may also be the reason for the large proportion of officials and people in the Western Han Dynasty.

It is understood that even in a county with a large number of people, there are only less than 100 **.

From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the proportion of officials and citizens continued to grow, and the increase in ** also meant that the burden on the people would also increase, and the imperial court increased taxes to support these**. Some people also ask why there is such a situation, the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, all more or less increased a variety of ** departments, such a department is more, naturally need a large number of ** to fill in, and ** more departments, mutual control and mutual supervision, save worry and effort, of course the king is willing to do it.

Also, the development of agriculture, military and other aspects in ancient times, is also an important condition to promote the rise of the number of **, the Sui and Tang dynasties established and improved the imperial examination system, will also increase the number of times in a fixed time, increasing the pressure on the imperial court, so the successive dynasties also have the best management methods, timely reduction, reduce the burden.

Ming Taizu once had a move to advance the age of returning to his hometown to sixty years old, after all, there were not many ancients who could live for a long time, and they should not spend so much time on being an official and not enjoying the joy of family.

Judging from the data, the proportion of officials and civilians is different in all dynasties, and with the development of society slowly increasing, its proportion in the Tang Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty has changed significantly, it is a watershed, each dynasty is different, the data are also different, Tang Gaozong, to 2927 people to raise a **, and to the Qing Dynasty, to 911 people to raise a **.

The proportion of each dynasty is different, which has a lot to do with the emperor's strategy of governing the country. In fact, relatively speaking, in the Han Dynasty, there were few, and by the time of the Qing Dynasty, there were already a lot of them. In the Western Han Dynasty, the total population was almost more than 100,000 people, but the total number was only about 100 people.

By the time of the Qing Dynasty, nine hundred people needed to raise one, in fact, the more, the heavier the burden on the people.

How to say this, specific problems are analyzed on a case-by-case basis. In many cases, the ancient Li people, the parents and officials of the people, were determined according to the jurisdiction. That is, his number is uncertain. It mainly depends on the number of people in the jurisdiction.

Offering ** is the need for the state to pay the remuneration, and this remuneration is the tax of the people, the more people teach the more taxes, generally speaking, the more balanced situation is tens of thousands of people in the town is more appropriate.

I can't say for sure, the situation varies from dynasty to dynasty. And it's not that the people raise **, it's the tax support, everyone is responsible for the tax, and the tax is not only used for the first salary, but also for the construction of public infrastructure.

Western Han Dynasty 1:7945, Tang Dynasty 1:2927, Yuan Dynasty: 1:2613, Ming Dynasty 1:2299, Qing Dynasty 1:911 values are changing. Because of productivity, the difference in productivity leads to the difference in that **.

According to the data in the 1987 "Analysis of the Data of China's Third Population Census", the Western Han Dynasty 1:7945, the Tang Dynasty 1:2927, the Yuan Dynasty: 1:2613, the Ming Dynasty 1:2299, and the Qing Dynasty 1:911.

How many of these people have to see the United States ** of the dynasty? It also depends on whether this ** loves our people, and whether it needs to let the people? Take out your own. Coolie money to raise **.

I myself have always been vague about the concept of a public institution, what exactly is a public institution? It is said that public institutions and ** organs can be transferred to each other when they reach the level of deputy department or above. This shows that public institutions and organs are still closely related.

The medical units and teaching units covered by public institutions actually assume the function of public services. In fact, I know that according to the theories of Hayek, Berlin and others, these public institutions undertake public service functions and should be non-** organizations. But what about reality?

In fact, they are also providing service functions, and they are actually taking on some of the functions of **. This creates a sense of ambiguity, are they ** or the public sector? In fact, they are also eating the fiscal food, and they are also living on the taxes of the citizens.

Are they officials? China's public-to-civilian ratio is 1:197 for civil servants and other state officials, but what about other people who eat state food?

In fact, they are also undertaking certain national public functions. Some people say that the ratio of officials to people in China is 1:18, but in fact, he is talking about people who eat the food of the state finance, they may not be officials, but in fact, they are also dependent on taxpayers to support themselves.

How can this be explained? It's useless to just pick out the concept, if you follow the concept, the ratio of China's government to the people is definitely not high, but how to improve the living standards of the people? That's what's important.

In fact, people don't have so many three, six, nine, etc., so it's better to make it relatively balanced. China's tax rate is the second in the world (and the first in France), so how efficient are so many public service personnel in China? I'm speechless.

Perhaps, some things should be left to the society to do. The social service function is only to supervise, not to do it yourself.