Why, is Ancient Egypt going to end, and by whom is Ancient Egypt destroyed?

In 332 BC, Alexander the Great, King of Macedon, invaded Egypt and destroyed the Persian dynasty, ending the 3,000-year-long era of the pharaohs.

In 525 BC, Egypt was conquered by the Persian Empire (Achaemenid Dynasty), and the Persian rule is historically called the "Twenty-seventh Dynasty", but in fact Egypt was ruled by a governor as a province of the Persian Empire.

By 404 B.C., the descendants of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty had briefly regained the kingdom and established the first dynasty.

Two. Ten. VIII. The Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Dynasties, which lasted a total of 60 years, were again conquered by the Persian Empire in 343 BC and the Thirtieth Dynasty perished.

Ten years after the second conquest of Egypt by the Persian Empire, in 332 BC, the new conqueror Alexander the Great of the Greek, expelled the Persians, and Egypt entered the Hellenistic period. The last dynasty of ancient Egypt, the Ptolemaic dynasty, died.

Ancient Egypt fell because the power of the pharaohs declined, and the local rulers began to challenge the pharaoh's majesty.

This, combined with a severe drought from 22 BC to 215 BC, eventually plunged the country into a decade of hunger and turmoil known as the "First Intermediate Period".

The reason for the fall of ancient Egypt was the invasion of Alexander the Great, the Greek king of Macedon, which led to the final destruction of Egypt.

In 525 BC, the Persian Empire invaded Egypt and established the 27th Dynasty. The brutal rule and ruthless plundering of Egypt by the Persians provoked the revolt of the Egyptian Sanqing led by Inalus and Amirtaius, and in 404 BC, the Persian dynasty was overthrown, Egypt gained independence, and the 28th to 30th dynasties were established successively.

In 343 B.C., the Persian Empire conquered Egypt again, establishing the 31st Dynasty, and in 332 B.C., Alexander the Great, the Greek King of Macedon, invaded Egypt and destroyed the Persian Dynasty, ending the 3,000-year-long Pharaonic Era.

Ancient Egypt is one of the four ancient civilizations. Located in the middle and lower reaches of the Nile River in northeast Africa (now the Middle East), Chongzhou held about 7,400 years ago, with the Faiyum region as the center began to appear as a settlement organization city-state and then form a state, the ancient Egyptian civilization was first formed in the Fayoum region of Lower Egypt about 7450 years ago (about 5450 BC), and ended in 639 AD, and the Arab Empire Islamized it.

Ethnographic composition of ancient Egypt

Anatomically, the ancient Egyptians, like today's Egyptians, as well as the people of North Africa and Arabia, were a highly diverse group of people with "Caucasus characteristics" as the main and "Negro characteristics" as the secondary. For example, if you go south from Lower Egypt to Upper Egypt to Nubia in northern Sudan, you will find that the "Caucasus characteristics" are getting weaker and weaker, and the "Negro characteristics" are becoming more and more obvious.

Through the comparative analysis of the whole genome data array and 90 mitochondrial genomes of 3 groups of individuals obtained from three mummies of different periods (2000 BC to 30 AD) samples, the Y chromosome haplogroups of these three people are the J lineage common in the Middle East and the E lineage common in North Africa. All three of these ancient Egyptian sample sets have guaranteed genetic continuity over a time span of more than 3,000 years.

The ancestors of ancient Egyptians and Near Easterners were much larger than the Egyptians of today, who received more sub-Saharan mixtures over a period of time, an analysis that laid the foundation for the study of ancient Egyptian mummies**.

Reference: Encyclopedia - Ancient Egypt.

Ancient Egypt (Arabic: One of the four great ancient civilizations, located in the middle and lower reaches of the Nile River in northeastern Africa. The ancient Egyptian civilization was formed around 6,000 years ago (4,000 BC), and the pre-dynasty of ancient Egypt began around 5,100 years ago (3,100 BC) when Menes unified Upper and Lower Egypt to establish the First Dynasty, ending with the Roman conquest of the Ptolemaic Dynasty in Egypt in 30 BC.

Ancient Egyptian civilization was formed in 3150 BC, and from the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by King Narmer, it was ruled by 31 dynasties in 7 periods: the Early Dynasty, the Old Kingdom, the First Intermediate Period, the Middle Kingdom, the Second Intermediate Period, the New Kingdom, and the Late Egyptian Period (see the section "Overview of the Chronology"). Ancient Egypt reached its peak during the 18th Dynasty (15th century BC), and the territory of Upper Egypt in the southern Nile Valley region ranged from present-day Sudan to Ethiopia, while the northern delta region of Lower Egypt crossed the Sinai Peninsula to the Canaan Plain in addition to present-day Egypt and part of Libya.

Today, the remote Egypt is the most.

The southern desert is the least inhabitable place for human habitation. However, archaeological discoveries have shown that it was inhabited thousands of years ago, and traces have been left - scientists have found small stone piles in this desert, under which thousands of pieces of charcoal remain, and these charcoal have become the most important archaeological evidence. By analyzing the structure and age of the charcoal, archaeologists confirmed that about 7,000 years ago, acacia trees grew in this desert.

Acacia trees usually only grow in low-lying areas or oases where groundwater is abundant, which means that there must have been groundwater at that time. Further analysis showed that it was a dry sparse steppe at the time, apparently suitable for human habitation. Later, the climate gradually became drier, and the steppe eventually turned into a desert, just like the disaster brought about by desertification as described by the ancient poets

The whole country has become a desert, the land has been damaged, the towns have been destroyed, the sand has been flying and no one has survived. We don't know what else will happen. ”

The grassland turned into a desert, could this be the reason for the fall apart of the ancient kingdom? Unfortunately, chronologically, it seems to be the right number, because today's southern desert of Egypt was formed 4,500 years ago. In other words, desertification was completed long before the collapse of the Old Kingdom, and it could not have been the cause of the fall of the Old Kingdom.

So, what was the real reason for the destruction of the Old Kingdom?

The answer is emerging. In Israel, Egypt's neighbor, scientists discovered in a cave a unique marker that reflects the ancient climate – stalactites. The water in the cave comes entirely from rainfall, which seeps into the cave through the cracks in the rock at the top of the cave, dissolving the limestone and forming stalactites and shoots.

Over the long years, stalactites and shoots grew and captured ancient rainwater in the process. Ancient rainwater contains two elements of oxygen - lighter light oxygen and heavier heavy oxygen, if the proportion of light oxygen is large, it means that the climate at that time is humid, and vice versa, it is dry. Scientists take samples of different layers of stalactites (stalactites grow layer by layer, each layer represents a different period), and use a mass spectrometer to analyze and determine the proportion of light oxygen and heavy oxygen in them.

It was found that about 4,200 years ago, rainfall in the region plummeted by 20%, the most significant climate change in the region in 5,000 years, and such a change would have serious consequences if it occurred.

Although Israel's climate system is different from Egypt's, the two countries are neighbors after all, so scientists speculate whether Egypt also had a sudden climate change at that time, and it was a drastic change, which led to the collapse of the Old Kingdom. In ancient times, successive decades of nationwide rainfall would undoubtedly lead to drought and famine, which affected the survival of many people and led to the demise of the country.

The destruction of ancient Egypt refers to the destruction and replacement of the ancient Egyptian race, the ancient Egyptians, and the countries and civilizations established by the ancient Egyptians. The latecomers had their own civilization and did not inherit the culture of ancient Egypt, which led to the loss of the civilization of ancient Egypt.

Ancient Egypt refers to the existence of civilization. Egypt, on the other hand, refers to the existence of countries and regions. Although civilization has been destroyed, there are still human beings living in this land.

When the fall of ancient Egypt was said from the perspective of the existence of a civilization, he meant that the civilization of ancient Egypt disappeared or, colloquially, lost.

And now Egypt exists because this nation has not disappeared, so it is inevitable that he will establish his own state and regime.

The demise of ancient Egypt refers to the demise of the civilization that arose in Egypt itself and the demise of the societies and states on which it was built.

Today's Egypt is different from ancient Egypt in that its society and state are based on Arab civilization and are a foreign civilization. Modern Egypt is called Egypt because of its geographical location, and it is not culturally inherited from ancient Egypt.