In junior high school physics, is internal energy heat energy, if not what is the difference between

Internal energy is the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of the molecules inside the substance.

Thermal energy is the internal energy when the thermal system is in equilibrium. Energy in the form of sensible and latent heat.

From the perspective of molecular motion theory, the essence of thermal energy is the sum of the kinetic energy of the irregular motion of all molecules inside the object, and the internal energy includes the sum of the potential energy between molecules, as well as the energy inside the atoms that make up the molecule, the energy inside the nucleus, and the electromagnetic radiation energy in the space inside the object. However, in general thermal phenomena, there are no changes in molecular structure and atomic nuclei, and there is no electromagnetic field interaction, and chemical energy, atomic energy, and electromagnetic radiation energy are constant. Because people usually study the difference in energy, these kinds of internal energy are usually not considered.

Therefore, internal energy usually refers to the sum of the kinetic energy and the intermolecular potential energy of the irregular movement of molecules inside an object. It can be seen that heat energy is only a part of the internal energy, and it is wrong to equate heat energy with internal energy.

You should understand the definition of both! Hehe...

Our teacher said that only internal energy, thermal energy is wrong.

The physical ones are all internal energy, and the chemical ones are all thermal energy.

That's all it takes for now.

Internal energy is heat energy, and there is no difference between the two.

In fact, thermal energy is only a part of the internal energy, and the internal energy also includes the kinetic energy of the molecules of the object and the potential energy of the molecules (the specific will not be learned until high school).

You can't say how much internal energy you have, you can only say how much internal energy you have transformed, and you can't say how much heat energy you have.

Internal energy is heat energy, which is in the textbook, and I am also in the third year of junior high school.

Yes, internal energy is heat energy, just like a person has 2 names.

Internal energy includes molecular kinetic energy and molecular potential energy.

The object is composed of a large number of molecules, and there is a pre-slip hunger and repulsion between the molecules, and the molecules are constantly moving irregularly. The higher the temperature of the object, the faster the molecules move irregularly. The energy possessed by molecules due to irregular motion is called molecular kinetic energy, and the energy possessed by molecules due to the gravitational and repulsive forces between each other is called molecular potential energy.

Internal energy is the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of the molecule in joules.

Abbreviated as "Jiao", the symbol is "J".

Internal energy is the sum of the internal energies of the repentant matter, ie.

Internal energy of a substance = thermodynamic energy (thermal energy) + chemical energy.

Nuclear energy + electromagnetic energy + ......

It follows that thermal energy (thermodynamic energy, to be exact) is only a part of internal energy. From the definition of internal energy, it can be seen that there are three factors that affect the magnitude of the internal energy of an object

1 Temperature macroscopically refers to the degree of hot and cold of an object, the higher the temperature, the greater the speed of irregular movement of molecules. The temperature will affect the speed of the molecule's motion, so that the kinetic energy of the molecule changes, so the internal energy of the object is related to the temperature.

2 There is also molecular potential energy related to the distance between molecules in the object, which changes the distance between molecules due to the change of the state of the object, so that the potential energy of the molecule changes. For example, if a piece of 0 ice melts into 0 water, although the temperature does not rise, the internal energy of the object also increases due to the change in the distance between molecules, so the internal energy of the object is also related to the state.

3 The internal energy of an object with the same temperature is not necessarily equal, because the internal energy of the object is also related to the number of molecules. Since the internal energy of an object does not refer to the energy possessed by a single molecule or part of the molecules, but the energy possessed by all the molecules inside the object, therefore, the internal energy of an object is related to the mass. For example:

A bucket of water at the same temperature contains more molecules than a glass of water, and although all else is equal, the internal energy of a bucket of water is much greater than that of a glass of water. The sentence "the higher the temperature, the greater the internal energy of the object" in the textbook is not exact, but it should be exact: "When the mass is the same and the state is the same, the higher the temperature, the greater the internal energy of the object".

Therefore, it cannot be said that "the internal energy of an object with the same temperature must be the same", nor can it be said that "the internal energy of an object with a high temperature must be great".However, we only compare the internal energy of the same object in junior high school, so this statement in the textbook can also be considered correct.

Internal energy: The kinetic energy and molecular potential energy of all the molecules in the object to move irregularly.

The sum of the total. On the macro scale, it depends on the high state of the signal that covers the temperature of the object, the low signal and the mass of the object.

Caloric value. The heat released by the complete combustion of 1kg of fuel. This is determined by the type of fuel.

Specific heat capacity. 1kg of a substance, the heat absorbed or released by the rise or fall in the temperature of the sail orange1. The type of substance and the state of matter (solid-liquid gas) are determined.

Heat: The amount of internal energy transferred by heat transfer between objects.

Internal energy is the sum of the kinetic energy of the irregular thermal motion and the potential energy of the interaction between the molecules of the object.

In layman's terms, in the microscopic molecule, the molecule is always doing irregular motion, and the kinetic energy of the irregular motion of the molecule is part of the internal energy. In addition, there is an interaction force between molecules, and this interaction force provides potential energy to the molecules, which is another part of internal energy.

Thermal energy generally refers to the energy on the macroscopic level, and there is a certain transformation relationship between them. For example, in heat transfer, heat energy is absorbed, the temperature of the substance rises, the irregular movement of molecules will intensify, and the potential energy between molecules will also rise, which leads to the rise of internal energy. There are some conceptual differences between them.

1.Yes internal energy is also called thermal energy, absorbing heat and releasing heat, naturally changing internal energy2Not necessarily, for example, when a crystal melts from a solid to a liquid, the temperature reaches the melting point and continues to absorb heat (internal energy increases), but the temperature does not change.

3.In the same question, when it absorbs heat during melting and boiling, the temperature does not rise, that is, the temperature can reflect the amount of internal energy contained in an object to a certain extent, and if the temperature changes, the internal energy will change certainly, and the temperature does not necessarily change when the internal energy changes.

1 yes 2 not necessarily, as crystal melting.

3. Absorbing heat will increase internal energy, as above.

1.The internal energy of absorbing heat or releasing heat must change, and the textbook talks about the influence of temperature on the internal energy of an object, and the internal energy becomes larger when the temperature increases.

2.An increase in internal energy does not necessarily change the temperature, e.g. crystal ice absorbs heat, the internal energy increases, but the temperature does not change.

3. Heat is absorbed, and the temperature does not necessarily increase, for example, during the melting of the crystal, heat is absorbed, but the temperature does not change.

The internal energy of an object is related to its own heat. Generally speaking, the higher the temperature, the greater the internal energy. In particular, when the ice melts, the temperature does not change, and the internal energy does not change.

And the internal energy is not necessarily changed by the temperature, the internal energy can also be increased by doing work, so the internal energy increases, and the temperature does not necessarily change Just like the second year of junior high school, the temperature of water heating to 100 degrees Celsius will not change [at standard atmospheric pressure] So to absorb heat, the temperature must increase.

Internal energy, heat, and temperature are the three important physical quantities in thermal. After learning the knowledge of internal energy, most students cannot correctly understand the concept and interrelationship of these three physical quantities, and the differences and connections between the three are summarized as follows to help students understand and apply.

1. The difference between the three.

1.Internal energy is the sum of the kinetic energy and molecular potential energy of all the molecules inside the object to move irregularly.

Inner energy can only say "yes", not "no". It is only quantitatively meaningful when the energy within the object is changed and is associated with work done or heat transfer.

2.Temperature indicates how hot or cold an object is, and from the point of view of molecular kinetic theory, temperature is a sign of the intensity of the thermal motion of the molecule, and for the same object, the temperature can only say "how much" or "how much", and cannot say "have", "no", or "contain", etc.

3.Heat is the amount of heat absorbed or emitted by an object in the process of heat transfer, and its essence is the amount of change in internal energy. Heat is closely linked to heat transfer, and without heat transfer there is no heat.

You can only say "how much you absorb" or "how much you emit out" for heat, and you can't add "have" or "no" or "contain" before the calorie noun.

The relationship between the two and the three.

1.The relationship between internal energy and temperature.

A change in the internal energy of an object does not necessarily cause a change in temperature. This is due to the fact that the internal energy of the object changes at the same time, and there is a possibility of biological changes. The internal energy of an object changes when it undergoes a biological change, and the temperature sometimes changes and sometimes it does not.

For example, in the process of melting and solidification of crystals, as well as the process of liquid boiling, although the internal energy changes, the temperature remains the same. The temperature indicates how fast or slow the molecules inside the object move.

Therefore, as the temperature of the object increases, the speed of the irregular motion of the molecules inside it increases, the kinetic energy of the molecules increases, and therefore the internal energy also increases, and vice versa, the temperature decreases, and the internal energy of the object decreases. Therefore, a change in the temperature of an object will inevitably cause a change in internal energy.

2.The relationship between internal energy and heat.

The internal energy of an object changes, but the object does not necessarily absorb or release heat, because there are two ways to change the internal energy of an object: work done and heat transfer. That is, the internal energy of the object changes, either because the object absorbs (or emits heat) or it may do work on the object (or the object does work externally).

Whereas, heat is a measure of the change in the internal energy of an object during heat transfer. The object absorbs heat, the internal energy increases, and the object emits heat, and the internal energy decreases. Therefore, the object is endothermic or exothermic and will inevitably cause a change in internal energy.

3.Relationship between heat and temperature.

The object absorbs or emits heat, and the temperature does not necessarily change, because the object is absorbing or releasing heat at the same time, if the object itself changes in state (such as the melting of ice or the solidification of water). At this point, the object absorbs (or emits heat) but the temperature remains the same.

When the temperature of the object changes, the object does not necessarily absorb or release heat, or it may be due to the work done on the object (or the work done externally on the object) that causes the internal energy of the object to change, and the temperature changes.

Internal energy refers to the sum of all the kinetic energy and potential energy of all molecules in an object, and it is the energy of the object from a microscopic point of view.

Temperature refers to the degree of an object.

Heat refers to the amount of change in the internal energy of an object during heat transfer. There can be no talk of "heat" without heat transfer.

In general, if the temperature of an object increases, then its internal energy will definitely increase. In turn, the internal energy of the object increases, and its temperature does not necessarily increase.

In the process of heat transfer, if the high-temperature object (or the high-temperature part of the object) transfers how much internal energy to the low-temperature object (or the low-temperature part of the object), then we say how much heat is emitted by the high-temperature object, and how much heat is absorbed by the low-temperature object.

To put it simply, you just have to remember this point:

1 Internal energy can only be returned from a macro perspective.

to say "have".

2 Heat can only occur in the process of heat transfer, so there must be "transfer" or other expressions with the meaning of the word "transfer", but not how much heat.

3 Temperature indicates how hot or cold an object is.

The heat can be the amount of change in the internal energy of the copy, e.g. Bai emits x kilojoules of heat.

The definition of internal energy in high school is more complicated, but it is difficult to have a definite number because it is almost impossible to calculate its exact value in middle and high school.

Temperature describes how hot and cold an object is, which can be distinguished by the formula: q=cmt, and the heat can be inferred from the change in temperature.

Internal energy is the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy between the molecules inside the object because of the thermal motion, the magnitude of the internal energy is related to the temperature and volume, there are two ways to change the internal energy, work done and heat transfer.

Temperature, which indicates the degree of heat and cold of an object, is a state quantity, and the so-called state quantity can be measured at any time.

Heat is a process quantity, when there is a temperature difference between two objects, that is, when the temperature is not the same, the transfer of heat will occur, and the energy transfer from the high temperature object to the low temperature object, and the heat is the amount of energy transferred in the heat transfer process, it must be reflected in a process.

Let's start with the concept.

Heat: Refers to the energy converted during the energy conversion due to the presence of temperature differences. And this conversion process is called heat exchange or heat transfer. The metric system for heat is joules.

Internal energy: is the energy that is determined by the internal conditions of the system. The thermodynamic system is composed of a large number of molecules and atoms, and the energy stored in the system is the sum of the various energies of all microscopic particles, that is, the sum of the kinetic energy, potential energy, chemical energy, ionization energy, nuclear energy, and so on of the microscopic particles.

Temperature: Generally speaking, temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is with a thermometer.

Summary: When the temperature of an object increases, it must absorb heat or the outside world does work on it, and the internal energy of the object increases.

It cannot be said that the high temperature of an object means that there is more heat.

The higher the temperature, the greater the internal energy; The lower the temperature, the lower the internal energy. However, the internal energy of the object absorbing heat does not necessarily increase, it may be work. You can't say that you have heat, you can only say how much you suck it out. Hope that helps.