The study of the origins of human civilization, the early civilization of mankind

On this beautiful earth, tens of millions of lives are pregnant. Human beings can be regarded as one of the prominent species. Human intelligence is unmatched by other animals.

Over the course of thousands of years, they have changed themselves and the world at the same time. However, nature has played a joke on man - what is the origin of human beings? This question may seem simple, but it is incomprehensible and incomprehensible.

It is a ...... that humanity has not yet untied its shackles

For thousands of years, people have been searching for their roots. However, in ancient times, due to the ignorance of science, human beings could only rely on fantasy in their understanding of themselves.

In ancient China, among the people, Pangu opened the world and the story of Nuwa creating people has been circulating, and people think that they are just gods who are bored and use mud to pinch out dolls. They worship the gods and believe that this is where man originates. This idea has been buried in the fertile soil of China for thousands of years ......

In the ancient West, people believed in God, and God was the supreme and true God. It is believed that man has been active on the earth since God created Adam and Eve. To this day, people still have great reverence for God as the creator of mankind.

This idea also took root in the West and is still flourishing today.

These are the so-called "creationism", which is a definition given to oneself by human beings in their ignorant childhood. They add a veil of mystery to the problem of human origins, and make the dream of human beings to find their roots even more urgent.

Time flies, and gradually, as human beings master scientific knowledge, the world suddenly becomes a world dominated by human beings. But humanity's quest has not stopped, and it will not stop. It wasn't until 1860 that Darwin's bold theories shattered people's ignorance.

It has entered a new phase.

With the unearthing of more and more human fossils, human beings' understanding of themselves has gradually become clearer, and the fog on their heads has gradually dissipated, but a bigger question mark has been drawn. The "Australopithecus theory" is one of the earliest views established by human beings, that is, it is believed that human beings evolved step by step from apes through Australopithecus, Australopithecus, Homo erectus, and finally Homo sapiens. Some fossils add credibility to this theory.

However, as people delved deeper into the human body, more mysteries loomed over people's heads, and the ensuing "sea ape theory" and "alien theory" made people's research on themselves more diverse. People are constantly coming up with new conjectures through their own research. To this day, there are still different opinions and no conclusions.

However, people still regard the "Australopithecus theory" as the fundamental theory of human origin, and continue to explore it.

Although there is no definitive conclusion now, people's understanding of themselves will gradually become reasonable with the continuous development of the times. Is human beings the perfect masterpiece of the heavenly gods, or is it the product of nature's ingenuity? The mystery of human origins will eventually be solved.

The key to unlock this shackle awaits the arrival of humanity not far away ......

Peking Man, Homo sapiens, the Two Rivers Valley, the Indus River Basin, the Central American Isthmus.

Anthropologists believe that the ancestors of humans came from Africa. In class, I took it for granted that the early civilization of mankind also began in Africa, and spread to various parts of the world according to ancient Egypt, ancient Lianghe Valley, ancient India, and ancient China.

According to the history textbooks for junior high schools, ancient Egypt and the ancient Lianghe Valley were the earliest civilizations of mankind, and their civilizations appeared around 3500 BC. During the migration of human beings from the African savannah to the rest of the world, small cities and small states appeared in Egypt in northern Africa and the two river basins on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean.

Only when human society has developed to a certain stage, when cities, countries, and class differentiation appear, will human civilization occur.

Around 5000 BC, the Sumerians appeared in the valley of the two rivers, and around 3500 BC, the Sumerians built cities and subsequently invented cuneiform, and civilization emerged.

Stavrianos, the author of the General History of the World, believes that the civilization of the two river basins appeared around 3500 BC, the Egyptian civilization appeared in 3000 BC, the Indian civilization appeared in 2500 BC, and the Chinese civilization appeared in 1500 BC. The first three are 500 years apart, and the Chinese civilization and the Indian civilization are 1,000 years apart. Western scholars believe that Chinese civilization began in the Yin Shang Dynasty, while Chinese scholars believe that Chinese civilization began in the Xia Dynasty, that is, in 2070 BC.

In addition to the cuneiform script, the Sumerians also invented the vehicle and the lunar calendar.

Throughout the ages, the Middle East is really a treasure land of feng shui, giving birth to human civilization, and the struggle has not stopped until now!

Between 20 degrees north latitude and 40 degrees north latitude and 20 degrees east longitude to 120 degrees east longitude on the primeval continents of Europe, Asia and Africa, it is a huge fan-shaped landmass. The birthplace of ancient human civilizations: China, India, the Two Rivers Valley, Egypt and Greece were all born on this land.

Prelude: Human history has been around for about 2 million years, and for most of that time, humans have relied on ready-made natural objects to survive, living a life of gathering, fishing and hunting. About 10,000 years ago, primitive agriculture and primitive animal husbandry appeared, which constituted the prerequisites for the occurrence of civilization.

About five or six thousand years ago, the first human civilization appeared.

Characteristics of ancient Chinese civilization.

The East Asian continent, the geographical stage of ancient Chinese civilization, is an independent geographical unit of its own: it is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean, tropical rainforests, the Himalayas and the Pamir Plateau from the east, south and west, forming a natural barrier isolated from the outside world and protecting the development of ancient Chinese civilization from foreign invasion. Only the ancient nomadic tribes in the north often threatened the Central Plains, but due to the economic and cultural advantages of the Central Plains, the development of ancient Chinese civilization has never been interrupted, and the development process shows outstanding continuity and a series of unique characteristics.

Common features: The ancient Greek civilization had special historical and geographical conditions, while the ancient civilizations of China, India, the two river valleys and Egypt had many common characteristics

1. The ancient civilizations of China, India, the Two Rivers Valley and Egypt were all created by the inhabitants of this region.

The origin of civilization is diverse, and ancient Chinese civilization is the result of the independent development of Chinese human society.

2. Ancient human civilizations have a common development trend. Ancient civilizations generally started from scattered early state rock ideas, passed through regional countries, and moved towards the same empire.

Ancient Chinese civilization went through the development of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, as well as the evolution of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and finally established a unified Qin Dynasty.

3. The foundation for the establishment and development of ancient civilization is agriculture. These four ancient civilizations all have geographical conditions suitable for agricultural development.

Ancient Chinese civilization originated in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins; The birthplace of agriculture is on the edge of the mountains and highlands.