How strong was the ancient mortise and tenon technology?

The ancient mortise and tenon technology is very strong, just look at the ancient buildings that we have handed down to the present, its stability is more stable than the buildings of some old houses now, so we can see how strong the ancient mortise and tenon technology is. The ancient house has been handed down to the present, experienced how many ups and downs, experienced how many natural disasters, and still stands, which also shows the strength of mortise and tenon technology, because many ancient buildings are using mortise and tenon technology, in order to strengthen the solidity of the whole building, but also to make the whole building more stable.

Ancient mortise and tenon techniques generally used a strong connection between wood and wood, so that the two pieces of wood reach a fit state, so that there is no need to use nails or some other auxiliary materials to reinforce, and with the expansion of the substance, the gap between the two will be smaller and smaller, so that the friction between the two pieces of wood is also more and more tight, so as to complement each other, to achieve the stability of the house, will not let the gap between the house, which is also a place where the ancient mortise and tenon technology is more clever.

Many people may not believe that without the use of steel nails and other related auxiliary fixtures, two pieces of wood can be tightly connectedIn fact, this can also become a reality, the use of mortise and tenon technology to build the house, its seismic ability is very strong, there have been experts have tested the seismic ability of the Forbidden City, according to the scale of one to five to build the same building in the Forbidden City, so as to carry out the seismic test, when the magnitude of the first reached the level, there is still no damage, which is why the Forbidden City is still standing for more than 600 years.

It can be seen that the use of mortise and tenon technology is still relatively strongNowadays, some buildings still use mortise and tenon technology to build, and some furniture is also using such technology, so as to make the furniture more durable, which is the wisdom left by the ancestors.

The technology is very strong, the stability is particularly good, and the technology is also relatively strong, this technology is very powerful.

The technology is still very powerful, and he was also a household name in ancient times, which shows the influence of this person at that time.

With this technology, it is possible to create large palace complexes that can weigh up to several tons under force, which is simply incredible.

The mortise and tenon joint, the concave and convex connection used on wooden components, was a major invention in ancient China about 7,000 years ago. The convex part is called the tenon, and the concave part is called the tenon, and when the tenon is inserted into the socket, the two pieces of wood will be tightly connected as one, so that the independent, loose components are combined into a structure with various load capacities. Mortise and tenon joints are used in a wide range of applications, and it is not only the soul of classical Chinese architecture and furniture, but also used in other industries such as shipbuilding and bridge building.

China's ancient craftsmen in the mortise and tenon structure of extraordinary attainments, can produce a wide variety, incomparably delicate mortise and tenon joints, between the components, without a metal nail, can do not allow hair, seamless, embodies the design ingenuity of the ancients and the wisdom of creation. In addition to the advantages of exquisiteness and practicality, the mortise and tenon joint structure also contains the philosophical ideas of the ancient Chinese that complement yin and yang, and the coexistence of virtual and real, and condenses the essence of Chinese traditional culture for thousands of years.

The mortise and tenon joint structure in China originated in the Neolithic period. About 7,000 years ago, the Ganlan building built by the Hemudu people, a primitive tribe living in the Yuyao area of present-day Zhejiang, had already used mortise and tenon technology. The wooden components unearthed from the Hemudu cultural site are large as columns, beams, fangs, and boards, and as small as the wooden flutes of the railings, all of which have adopted this advanced sealing connection method without exception, and because of this, the mortise and tenon joint is known as a national symbol earlier than the history of Chinese characters.

About 7,000 years ago, the Hemudu people invented the ganlan building on the basis of nest dwelling. The ganlan building became the main architectural form in the early period of Hemudu culture. This kind of building is made of erected wooden piles to form a base frame above the ground, and there is a suspended floor supported by large and small beams on the bottom frame, and the board is equipped with columns, and the roof is covered with reed mats and thatch, and people live on the top, and livestock are raised below.

The largest single building is at least 23 meters wide and about 7 meters deep, with a corridor about one meter wide in the front eaves, and a mullioned wooden railing and a wooden ladder at the front of the building. The construction mode of the dry-bar building makes it waterproof and moisture-proof, and also shelters from insects and animals. The Hemudu ganlan building is the earliest wooden building in China, and the mortise and tenon joint technology has been used in its beam frame and other structures.

Mortise and tenon is not an original technology of Chinese civilization, and other ancient civilizations in the world also invented mortise and tenon technology very early. The earliest examples of wooden mortise and tenon joints found in Europe are a series of early wells located in central Europe (present-day eastern Germany), which appeared in about the same period as the earliest examples of mortise and tenon joints in China, about 7,000 years ago in the Neolithic period. The ancient Egyptians also used mortise and tenon techniques in furniture making and shipbuilding at an early age.

Neolithic tools, these structures already existed in this era, and this thing was developed relatively early, and it was very delicate.

It should be from the period of Hemudu culture to the present, and the history and culture have a long history.

The Hemudu period was reflected in the house, and in the Han Dynasty this technology was already mature. The craftsmanship is very exquisite, and it has been continuously improved since then.

Tenon, wood into the body also. Commonly known as the tenon. Also used as bamboo shoots.

Tenon and tenon (sǔn mǎo) is a combination of concave and convex connections used on two wooden members. The protruding part is called tenon (or tenon); The recessed part is called Mao (or mortise and tenon), which is the main structural method of ancient Chinese architecture, furniture and other wooden instruments.

The various mortise and tenon joints have different practices and different application ranges, but they have the "joint" role of the shape structure on each piece of furniture. Dozens of different "mortise and tenon joints" can be roughly divided into three types according to their compositions:

One type is mainly the joint of surfaces and surfaces, the combination of two edges, and the junction of surfaces and edges. Such as "notch tenon", "tongue tenon", "dovetail tenon", "wear belt tenon", "tie tenon" and so on.

The other type is the structural approach as a "point". It is mainly used for horizontal and vertical T-joint, angular joint, cross joint, as well as extension joint of straight and arc materials. Such as "lattice shoulder tenon", "double tenon", "double clamp tenon", "hook tenon", "wedge tenon", "half tenon", "through tenon" and so on.

There is also a construction method that combines three components together and connects them with each other, which is more complex and special in addition to the use of some of the above mortise and tenon joint structures. For example, the common ones are "supporting angle tenon", "long and short tenon", "shoulder tenon", "zongjiao tenon" and so on.

If the mortise and tenon joints are used properly, the two wooden structures can be tightly fastened to the extent that they are "seamless". It is the basic skill that ancient carpenters must have, and the level of craftsmanship of craftsmen can be clearly reflected through the structure of mortise and tenon.

Its main advantages are as follows:

1. The mortise and tenon joint structure is a combination of tenon and tenon, and it is an ingenious combination between more and less, high and low, long and short between wood pieces, which can effectively limit the twisting of wood pieces in all directions. And iron nail connection can't do it. For example, if you use iron nails to make a T-shaped combination of two wooden bars, the vertical and horizontal bars are easily twisted and change the angle, while the mortise and tenon joints are combined to prevent them from being twisted.

2. Metal is easy to rust or oxidize, while real mahogany furniture can be used for more than hundreds of years. If it is combined with iron nails, it is likely that the wood is intact, but the furniture falls apart due to the corrosion, fatigue, and aging of the connected metal.

3. The furniture with mortise and tenon structure is easy to transport. Many mahogany furniture is disassembled and transported, and then assembled and installed at the destination, which is very convenient. If you use iron nails to connect furniture, you can make it into a partial split, but you can't make furniture with a lot of small wooden pieces such as chairs.

4. The furniture with mortise and tenon structure is easy to maintain. Pure mahogany furniture can be used for hundreds of years, and there will always be problems, such as a broken fir that needs to be replaced. Furniture connected with iron nails is not as easy to disassemble and replace as mortise and tenon furniture.

5. High quality mortise and tenon joints. Mahogany wood is hard, while iron nails are wedged into it by squeezing and drilling, and this process is very easy to cause wood splitting, which is very well known to carpenters. The use of mortise and tenon joints to connect mahogany furniture can greatly improve the intrinsic quality of mahogany furniture, which is also an important reason why the mahogany furniture made by traditional craftsmanship has value-added collection value.

Mortise and tenon structure, ancient Chinese architecture with wood, bricks and tiles as the main building materials, wood frame structure as the main structural mode, by columns, beams, purlins and other main components of the construction, the nodes between the components to the mortise and tenon coincidence, forming a flexible framework. Mortise and tenon joint is a very ingenious invention, this component connection mode, so that the traditional Chinese wood structure has become a special flexible structure beyond the contemporary building frame, frame or rigid frame, which can not only bear a large load, but also allow a certain deformation, under the first load, through the deformation to offset a certain amount of energy, reduce the first response of the structure.

Mortise and tenon is a combination of concave and convex connection used on two wooden components. The protruding part is called tenon (or tenon); The recessed part is called the mortise (or mortise and tenon), and the tenon and the tenon are occluded to play a connecting role. This is the main way in which ancient Chinese architecture, furniture, and other wooden instruments were structured.

The mortise and tenon joint structure is a combination of tenon and tenon, which is an ingenious combination between more and less, high and low, long and short between wood pieces, which can effectively limit the twisting of wood pieces in all directions. The most basic mortise and tenon structure consists of two members, one of which is inserted into the socket of the other, so that the two members are connected and fixed. The part of the tenon that protrudes into the mortise is called the tongue, and the rest is called the shoulder.

The mortise and tenon structure is widely used in construction, but also widely used in furniture, reflecting the close relationship between furniture and architecture. After the mortise and tenon structure is applied to the construction of a house, although each component is relatively thin, it can withstand great pressure as a whole. This structure does not lie in the strength of the individual, but in the combination and support of each other, and this structure has become the basic model of later generations of architecture and Chinese furniture.

This may be due to the fact that the mortise and tenon structure has certain advantages when resisting ** impacts.

The mortise and tenon structure has been applied in the building by our ancestors as early as 7000 years ago, and is one of the greatest inventions of the world's architectural civilization.

Careful design is required to build a strong mortise and tenon structure. The different mortise and tenon structures should be complete and unified, and be able to "go from side to side, up and down", that is, the design of the mortise and tenon joints should be as balanced as possible to the stresses of the building to all components. Of course, this is also a principle that all architectural design should follow.

The mortise and tenon structure has certain advantages in dealing with the most impactful impact. Most of the ancient Chinese buildings are wooden buildings, and the combination of tenon and tenon can effectively limit the twisting between the wooden components, which is equivalent to the state of semi-consolidation and half-active twisting; The mortise and tenon structure can withstand a certain bending moment, and there is a gap between the components, which can absorb and dissolve the energy; As a heterogeneous and anisotropic material, wood exhibits viscoelasticity between elastomers and non-elastomers, and can also relieve the pressure of the load on the component through deformation when subjected to impact. When subjected to a vertical shock wave, the mortise and tenon joint can also be resolved by "bouncing". This makes the building connected by mortise and tenon joints have good earthquake resistance.

The Shakya Pagoda of Fogong Temple in Yingxian County, Shanxi Province is an outstanding representative of the earthquake resistance of ancient Chinese architecture.

In fact, mortise and tenon structures are not only widely used in architecture, but also in furniture. Of course, in addition to the mortise and tenon structure, we now have many new ways to connect, but the mortise and tenon structure is still important to our architectural design.

The essence of ancient Chinese architecture, the mortise and tenon knot repentance of the thick silver stool, Biyan originally this is the architectural secret of the Forbidden City.