What plants can extract black dyes, and what are the dyes extracted from natural plants?

Domestic plant dyes are usually: black dyes are extracted from plants such as gallnut, hematoxy (tannin iron mordant), etc.

The most common is indigo, that is, the root of hundred blue, some printing and dyeing blue cloth in the south, and tie-dyeing cloth in the southwest are still in use. Others may not be easy to come across.

Plate blue leaves are the most natural coloring material, and red wine can also be used.

At present, there should be no such pure natural dyes on the market**, if you want, you can only extract them yourself, like madder, indigo, gardenia, fresh tea....and many other plants can make dyes.

1.Introduce.

Since ancient times, humans have discovered that phyto-mill tans can provide a variety of rich pigments for dyeing. Vegetable dyes, on the other hand, are not only colorful, but also free of harmful substances and easily biodegradable, so they are more concerned in modern times. This article will describe the method of extracting dyes from plants.

2.Choose the right plants.

First of all, you need to choose plants that are suitable for extracting dyes, and flowers, leaves, and roots with rich colors are excellent**. For example, common plants such as calendula, saffron, sea buckthorn, and madder are good dyes**. Some plants may be more toxic or grow in unsuitable places, so you need to choose carefully.

3.Preparation.

Cut the selected plants into small pieces or use the juice directly from the plants, then add an appropriate amount of water and bring them to a boil. During this process, the pigment of the plant gradually exudes. Then, the mixture (containing chromogens and other ingredients) is filtered and some neutralizer (such as baking soda) is added to adjust the pH value to ensure that the dye pigment molecules are not destroyed.

It should be noted that overheating or extrusion during the dye extraction process will also destroy the pigment molecules and affect the quality of the dye.

4.Separate and purify dyes.

During the filtration process, the dye pigment is brought into the liquid. Next, equipment such as centrifuges can be used to separate the dye pigments. The purity of pigments can be measured with reference to the knowledge of molecular absorption spectroscopy.

5.Sustainability.

There are various ways to extract plant dyes, but for non-renewable resources, care needs to be taken to extract the amount. Dyes** can be used from sources such as garbage, industrial residues, etc. Compared with traditional dyes, vegetable dyes are more environmentally friendly and can improve sustainable development.

6.Application prospects.

The application prospect of vegetable dyes is very wide, in addition to traditional fabric dyeing, it can also be applied in printing, cosmetics and other fields, such as adding natural dyes to food, so that food looks more desired.

7.Conclusion.

In the selection of plants, preparation, separation and purification of dye reasonable choice, and to ensure sustainable development, plant dyes can achieve better results in actual production. Compared with chemically synthesized dyes, plant dyes have many advantages, so they should be more and more applied and promoted.

Red dyes include safflower, madder, and sumac. Safflower is also called "red and blue flower", "yellow and blue flower" and other synonyms, is a herbaceous plant, and the part of the dye extracted is the flower. Its red pigment is easily soluble in alkaline water, and it can be precipitated with acid, so the fabric dyed with safflower cannot be washed with alkaline water.

Madder, also known as "Mao Sou" and "Ru Grass", is a herbaceous plant, and the part that can extract the dye is the rhizome. Because this dye has a delicious color, it is very popular and has a great market. Hematoxylin is a tropical tree, and its dry wood contains "Brazilian hematoxylin", which is originally colorless, and is oxidized by air to produce a purple-red pigment, which can be used as a dye.

Because sumac wood also contains tannins, after dyeing with sumac water and then mordant with green alum water, iron tannins will be generated, which is a black precipitated pigment, and the color will become dark black red.

Hello, I'm glad to answer for you, the method of making indigo is as follows: first put the indigo upside down in the pit, add water to filter, place the filtrate in the urn, add lime in proportion, and then hit the water sharply with a wooden stick to accelerate the contact between the indigoside dissolved in the water and the oxygen in the air, so that it is oxidized into indigo, after precipitation, the water is removed, and the water of indigo is completely evaporated, then it can be put into a container to make indigo. This technique of indigo making and dyeing is completely consistent with the mechanism of modern synthetic indigo dyeing.

Like safflower, bluegrass can also be made into a solid dye: first, it is made into a pureed indigo, and when dyed, it is fermented with distiller's lees, and the hydrogen and carbon dioxide produced during the fermentation process can reduce indigo to indigo. The white cloth dyed with indigo can be slowed down by air oxygenation, and it can appear blue.

There are two ways to extract pigments, one is direct extraction, boiling the juice with water, filtering out impurities, and concentrating, and the other is to use some additives or multiple extractions. For example, the use of red and blue flowers to make rouge, in the "Qi Min Technique" recorded: "Killing flowers:

Pick that is, pound to cook, wash with water, twist the yellow juice in a cloth bag, pound it more, wash it with millet rice pulp and vinegar, and collect the juice with a cloth bag and dye it red. Twisted in the urn, covered with a cloth, the rooster crows more pounded with chestnut Lingjun, spread on the table and exposed to dry, better than the cake, the cake maker, shall not dry, so that the flowers are lush. In the same book, it is also recorded that "as a swallow branch method":

Pre-burned quinoa, quinoa, weed and artemisia as ash [no grass ash is also obtained], drenched with soup to get clear juice, kneaded flowers [ten times, the potential is raw], cloth bag twisted pure juice in the urn, take vinegar pomegranate two or three (citation press: "Tiangong Kaiwu" with black plum water), take the seed, smash the less millet rice slurry water is extremely sour and it, the cloth twist to take Shen, and the flower juice [if there is no vinegar pomegranate, with good vinegar and rice pulp, if there is no vinegar, the rice pulp is extremely sour, empty use], the white rice flour is as big as sour jujube [more powder is white] ,...Stir painfully, cover until night, pour out the supernatant juice to the pure place, pour the white Lianjiao bag to hang it, when it is dry tomorrow, twist into a small petal such as half pockmark, and dry it in the shade. ”

For the extraction of some insoluble plant pigments, ethanol is also needed instead of water as a solvent, after the plant is crushed, put it in a closed container, pour in 95% ethanol, after impregnation for 24 hours, pour out the solution, and then impregnate with the same ethanol for 6 hours, repeat twice. Finally, all the solutions are mixed and filtered, which can be used as a dyeing solution.

Natural dyes have won the love and favor of the world with their natural hue, anti-insect and sterilizing effects, and natural aroma. Although natural dyes cannot completely replace synthetic dyes, they have a place in the market and are becoming more and more important. It has broad development prospects.

Although it is still unrealistic to commercialize and completely replace synthetic dyes, it is believed that natural dyes will make the world more colorful.

Natural plant dyes are especially suitable for the development of high value-added green products, and fabrics dyed with natural dyes are very promising. The superior properties of natural dyes are particularly outstanding in the following aspects.

1) Health care underwear products.

Nowadays, green textiles for human comfort and health care will become the most basic content of home health consumption. Most underwear, pajamas and other intimate clothing have higher requirements for environmental protection and ecology of dyeing and finishing processing. Most of the natural dyes have medicinal effects, some can be antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, and some can activate blood and dissolve stasis.

Therefore, textiles dyed with natural dyes will become a new force in health underwear.

2) Infant clothing and supplies.

Infants and young children are the most vulnerable group, and the use of vegetable dyes on infant clothing and supplies is easy to be popular in the market and has high development prospects. Baby clothes, children's blankets, children's socks, and bedding all have excellent use prospects. Market acceptance is relatively fast.

3) Home textile products.

With the improvement of people's living standards, home textile products will be transformed from economic and practical to functional and green environmental protection. Home textile products such as bed sheets, quilt covers, bath towels dyed from natural dyes are bound to be favored by people because they meet ecological standards and have health care functions.

It can be seen that natural dyes are mainly used in natural fiber products, and have broad development prospects in high-end silk fabrics, health underwear, baby products, home textile products, decorative supplies and other fields

From the perspective of market demand, the market is huge. At present, the international market, especially in Europe, America, Japan and South Korea, has a strong market demand, and it is almost difficult to supply; The domestic high-end market also has a large market space.