How high is the incidence of tetanus, and what does it mean that the chance of tetanus is small?

The incidence of tetanus is very low, and only deep, heavily contaminated wounds can occur, but once the disease occurs, the mortality rate is high, so once there is a deep wound, tetanus prevention should be done.

Morbidity is generally effective within 24 hours of injury. Most tetanus onset is between 6 and 10 days, with a few exceptions.

Tetanus complications:

In addition to fractures, urinary retention, and respiratory arrest, the following complications can occur

Asphyxia: due to persistent spasm of the laryngeal respiratory muscles and mucous phlegm blocking the trachea;

Lung infection: laryngeal spasm, poor airway, stagnation of bronchial secretions, and inability to turn over frequently are all causes of atelectasis due to pneumonia;

Acidosis: respiratory acidosis caused by poor breathing and insufficient ventilation, strong muscle contraction, incomplete decomposition of body fat after fasting, and the increase of acidic metabolites resulting in metabolic acidosis;

Circulatory failure: due to hypoxia and poisoning, tachycardia can occur, and heart failure can occur after too long, and even shock or cardiac arrest can occur. These complications are often an important cause of death and should be prevented.

Incidence rate] is: if you feel very bad, as the entry is consistent, it depends on the time, if it is very serious, you should go to the hospital in time, the incidence is generally within 24 hours after the injury injection is effective. Most tetanus onset is between 6 and 10 days, with a few exceptions.

(1) Infection conditions: Clostridium tetani is a non-invasive bacterium, and the spores are widely distributed in nature and generally do not cause diseases. When there is a narrow and deep wound in the body, or accompanied by aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria infection, or a lot of necrotic tissue, soil or foreign body contaminates the wound, resulting in ischemia and hypoxia.

Creates a local anaerobic environment, which is conducive to the reproduction of Clostridium tetani.

2) Pathogenesis: After Clostridium tetani infects susceptible wounds, the spores germinate into propagules, multiply locally and release tetanus spasm toxin and tetanus hemolysin. The former acts on the motor cells of the anterior horn of the spinal cord and blocks inhibitory neuromediators, resulting in tonic contractions of muscles throughout the body and angular arch reflexion (a symptom specific to tetanus).

3) Prevention and treatment principle: Because tetanus spasm toxin can quickly and irreversibly combine with nerve tissue, it is difficult to prevent it once it occurs. If a suspicious wound is encountered, debridement and expansion should be done, and high-dose penicillin should be used to inhibit bacterial reproduction.

Patients are given emergency prophylaxis with tetanus antitoxin, and specificity is given to those who have already developed the disease**. Susceptible populations such as children, military personnel, and trauma-prone people should be vaccinated with tetanus toxoid, and children should be vaccinated with tetanus and tetanus vaccine.

Tetanus bacillus is an anaerobic bacterium, a conditional pathogen that grows and multiplies only under oxygen-free conditions or when the wound is deep and accompanied by aerobic infection.

Tetanus bacilli mostly grow in soil and rust, so tetanus antitoxin should be injected when the wound is deeply contaminated with soil or punctured by rust-like iron objects.

If the wound is not deep, as long as proper debridement is done, there is no need to inject tetanus antitoxin. Or use some disinfectant such as red potion to wipe it out. If the wound is dry and there is no exudate, there is no need to wipe it again.

Because tetanus antitoxin is an immune horse serum, which is a heterosexual protein to the human body, and has antigenicity (allergic reaction), an allergy test should be done before taking the drug. If the test result is negative, tetanus antitoxin can be injected directly, and if the test result is positive, desensitization injection, that is, small doses of tetanus antitoxin can be injected in 4---5 times. If you have used tetanus antitoxin for more than a week, if you use it again, you must also redo the **test.

Tetanus bacillus infection is only the primary condition for the onset of the disease. And tetanus bacillus also has certain conditions to survive, it is an anaerobic bacteria, generally speaking, in a hypoxic environment to survive and reproduce, so a large and shallow wound can not constitute such conditions.

Tetanus bacillus is an anaerobic bacterium, and if a person is infected with tetanus, the following conditions must be met: First, it must be a deep puncture wound similar to a nail, forming a closed wound and creating an environment conducive to the reproduction of tetanus bacilli. Second, tetanus bacilli are present on the nail that stabbed the human body.

Thirdly, the immunity of the person who has been stabbed is not strong enough.

1. Tetanus is a toxic disease of the nervous system caused by tetanus bacillus exotoxin, which is characterized by progressive muscle rigidity, accompanied by episodic aggravation, if not timely, the mortality rate is about 10 40%.

2. Patients with tetanus often have a history of trauma, especially wounds contaminated with rust or feces. It generally begins to develop in the wound 1-2 weeks. Although this disease is very dangerous, as long as it is detected early and in time, it can also be done.

Therefore, for tetanus patients, the key to rescue is early detection.

3. The early symptom of tetanus is muscle cramps, which are often referred to as cramps. The earliest symptom in most patients is facial muscle spasms, which are characterized by the inability to open the mouth and painful muscle spasms in front of the ears when chewing food.