What are the main pests and diseases of Chinese herbal medicines? How to grow Chinese herbal medicin

Nematodes, root mites, root rot, black rot, dry rot, to understand the growth habits of medicinal materials, and to pay attention to the location and time of planting, to breed in advance, to ensure the permeability of the soil.

For example, Verticillium wilt, root rot, dry rot, gray mold, rust, pay attention to the management of fertilizer and water, to ensure the normal growth of plants, you must understand the characteristics of medicinal materials, to use fertilizers in a targeted manner.

The main pests and diseases of Chinese medicinal materials are: root-knot nematode disease, blight, white silk disease, root rot, sclerotinia and blight. Aphids, mites, red spiders, white spiders. When planting, it is necessary to improve the standardization of seedlings.

Disease knowledge, medical knowledge, clinical knowledge, health science knowledge, to help you with your disease Medicinal plant pests and diseases are divided into 2 categories: infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases. (1) Infectious diseases: mostly caused by fungal infiltration.

Among them, it is divided into fungal diseases, bacterial diseases, viral diseases, and nematode diseases. Fungal diseases. It is more common in downy mildew, rust, powdery mildew, etc.

It usually occurs during the hot and humid season. The fungus spreads by wind and rain, and under suitable temperature conditions, the fungus germinates, grows bud tubes, and invades parasitic plants. Common symptoms are plant wilting, lodging, spots, black fruits, rotting, deformity, etc.

Bacterial diseases. It is more common in soft rot, canker, bacterial wilt, etc., and also occurs under high temperature and high humidity conditions. Most of the bacteria that harm plants are rod-shaped bacteria, most of which have one to several flagella, which can invade through natural orifices and wounds, and spread through running water, rainwater, insects and other media.

Most of its symptoms are acute necrosis, wilting, decay, spots, scorching, perforation, etc. Viral diseases. It is a very small, non-cellular organism that appears spherical, rod-shaped, or fibrous under an electron microscope.

It mainly lives and reproduces in living host cells, and can not be activated under the influence of external environmental conditions, and is an obligate parasite. It is highly pathogenic and contagious, and can change the normal metabolic pathway of the host. For example, mosaic disease, macular disease, viral diseases, etc., are all caused by viruses.

The main symptoms are yellowing, leaf curling, deformity, clustering, dwarfing, necrosis, spots, etc. Nematode disease. Nematodes are tiny in size, mostly invisible to the naked eye, and are a widely distributed lower animal, belonging to the invertebrate round animal nematode class.

It parasitizes the body of plants, causing malnutrition, slow growth, weakness, dwarfing and even death. It is mainly spread by seedlings, soil, fertilizers, etc. (2) Non-communicable diseases (also known as physiological diseases):

It is caused by unfavorable environmental conditions. Such as malnutrition, poor cultivation and management, water imbalance, cold, heat, wind, light, salt, alkali and toxic substances and other factors caused by poor growth and development and diseases, such as sunburn, water disease, etc. Although they do not infect each other, they can reduce the resistance of plants to pathogenic organisms and induce infectious diseases.

3) Prevention and control methods and agents: burn diseased plants and litter; Kill or reduce fungi in the soil using mounds; Spray the surface of plants with pesticides to kill viruses, such as Bordeaux liquid, stone sulfur mixture, zebsen zinc, formamine arsenic, etc.; Soaking seeds with pesticides, or spraying soil with pesticides, etc. **：

Prevention and control of diseases and pests of Chinese herbal medicines: The prevention and treatment of diseases and pests of Chinese herbal medicines should adhere to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive control". Rational use according to the conditions of returning to the place.

Answer: Agricultural, biological, chemical, physical methods and other effective ecological means to control the harm of pests and diseases below the economic threshold, so as to achieve the purpose of improving economic, ecological and social benefits.

In the application of various measures for the prevention and control of pests and diseases of Chinese herbal medicines, it is necessary to control the harm of pests and diseases, but also not to reduce the quality of Chinese herbal medicines, and to avoid the pollution of pesticide residues and other pollutants to Chinese herbal medicines. Emphasis should be placed on strengthening the research on new pollution-free technologies focusing on natural control and biological control.

If it is necessary to use chemical pesticides, we should choose high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide varieties, use pesticides reasonably, and reduce the amount of pesticides used to the lowest level, so that the pesticide residues in Chinese herbal medicines and their processed products are lower than the allowable standards stipulated by the FAO, WHO or China.

Chinese herbal plants, like other crops, have great differences in disease resistance between varieties. If the thorny safflower is more resistant to anthrax than the thornless safflower, the resistance of different varieties of Codonopsis to rust is also different. Epidemics of diseases are often associated with the widespread planting of susceptible varieties.

Therefore, attention should be paid to the selection, cultivation and promotion of disease-resistant varieties in large-scale cultivation and production, which plays an important role in preventing the rampant occurrence of diseases.

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There are more than 10 kinds of common medicinal pests: grain elephant, rice elephant, large grain thief, red mimic front cloud valley thief, medicine valley thief, saw grain thief, Japanese specimen worm, tobacco beetle, red fur beetle, Mediterranean meal borer, Indian grain borer, pink spot borer, powder mite and so on.