Medicinal fungi that can be used for medicinal purposes

China has a long history of using fungi as medicinal herbs** for human diseases. As early as 2,550 years ago, our ancestors used the mold that grew on tofu. The medicinal fungi recorded in the "Shennong's Materia Medica" include Poria cocos, Ganoderma lucidum, Cordyceps, fungus, etc.

There are also records of medicinal fungi in the "Collection of Materia Medica" and the "Compendium of Materia Medica". The use of fungi as a modern medicine began in the 40s of the 20th century, and in 1940 penicillin purification was first used in clinical trials as an antibiotic, thus setting a precedent for infectious diseases with antibiotics. In 1956, the second fungal antibiotic, cephalosporin, was successfully trial-produced.

This antibiotic not only has the advantages of penicillin, but also does not cause allergic reactions. The transformation of steroid compounds is another class of precious new drugs that fungi have brought to the pharmaceutical industry. Nowadays, it has been found that oyster mushrooms, straw mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, mushrooms, etc. all contain anti-cancer ingredients and have a preventive effect on tumors.

The search for anti-cancer drugs from fungi has attracted worldwide attention. Lion's mane mushroom has anti-cancer, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer effects. Monkey mushroom tablets made with Hericium erinaceus can be used for digestive tract tumors.

Zhu Ling is used for ** lung cancer, which can alleviate symptoms. Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are all new drugs made from medicinal fungi.

The so-called medicinal fungi actually refer to those fungi that have a drug effect, and in the process of their growth and development, they can produce some pharmacologically active substances from the fruiting body, mycelium and sclerotia, such as proteins, vitamins, fatty acids, amino acids, peptides, polysaccharides, alkaloids, sterols, glycosides and enzymes, etc., which can help people prevent and improve certain diseases.

Medicinal fungi either have a good health care effect, or can prevent or ** disease. As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty, the "Shennong's Materia Medica" recorded the medicinal effects of fungi such as Ganoderma lucidum. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen also introduced the medicinal effects of many fungi in his book "Compendium of Materia Medica".

Until now, the use of fungi as a medicinal herb to prevent and treat diseases is still very common in people's lives. Cordyceps, Poria cocos, Zhuhuang, Ganoderma lucidum, Lion's Mane mushroom, Shiitake mushroom, Zhu Ling, Lei pill, Bald Mabo, ergot, white fungus, fungus, etc. are all traditional medicinal fungi, and our ancestors used these fungi to treat diseases a long time ago. With the passage of time and the development of biotechnology, many new varieties of fungi have been discovered that can be used for diseases.

Species such as Anluo umbrella, Coriolus versicolor, Cordyceps gonifolia, tree flower, pseudocyclic fungus, Sophora sophora plug, milky rake fungus, and Charcoal fungus are also classified as medicinal fungi. Among the medicinal fungi, many are edible, such as lion's mane mushroom, shiitake mushroom, white fungus, fungus and other fungi have always been frequent guests on our table. This fungus, which is both edible and medicated, belongs to both medicinal fungi and edible fungi.

It is a single-celled or multi-celled eukaryotic organism with cell wall deficiency, no chlorophyll, no rhizomes and leaves, and relies on saprophytic or parasitic methods to absorb balanced nutrients and reproduce with spores. Fungi actively participate in the mineralization of soil organic matter and the formation of humus, which is an essential transformation factor for soil fertility and an important part of the material cycle in nature. Fungi are widely used in the brewing and fermentation industries to produce wine, sauce, and tofu, and to produce antibiotics, organic acids, enzymes, vitamins, steroid hormones, etc.

It is used in agricultural production as feed fermentation, additives, production of plant growth hormones, insecticidal pesticides, and the formation of mycorrhizae with plants to absorb mineral nutrients. Fungi are also the pathogens of animal and plant diseases, which cause mildew and deterioration of grain and agricultural and sideline products in storage and transportation, and also cause mildew of clothing, equipment, tools, instruments and industrial raw materials. Fungi also produce toxins, which pose a serious threat to the health of humans and animals.

The medicinal fungi belonging to the sclerotia have a file base (Xinghui Fengshan).

a.Tuckahoe. b.Zhu Ling.

c.Raimaru. d.Ganoderma lucidum.

e.Aweto.

Correct answer: ABC

Bacteria in the human body, such as E. coli, can help with digestion.

In pharmaceuticals, bacteria are used in the manufacture of certain pharmaceutical products, such as penicillin.

Bacteria can also be made into food. A fungus is a type of eukaryotic organism. The most common fungi are mushrooms, but fungi also include molds and yeasts.

The role of fungi: It has the ability to highly decompose and synthesize complex organic substances, especially for the decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Therefore, in nature, they work together with bacteria to carry out a slow and continuous transformation, decompose the remains of animals and plants, especially plants, into simple substances, return them to nature, become nutrients for green plants, help the plant world to fertilize itself, make green plants continue to flourish and grow, and indirectly provide necessary living resources for human beings.

At the same time, the carbon dioxide required for the photosynthesis of green plants mainly comes from the decomposition of organic matter, and the oxygen released by plant photosynthesis is necessary for people and animals.

2) The role of fungi in modern industry: In addition to being used in winemaking, sauce making and other fermented foods, fungi also play a considerable role in modern industry, agriculture and medicine. Because of the variety of enzymes produced by fungi, they play an important role in industry and involve all areas of the national economy, from glycerol fermentation, organic acid and enzyme production, to textile, paper, tanning and petroleum fermentation.

For example, with its fermentation effect, many organic acids can be produced, the most important of which are: citric acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid, etc. These organic acids have many uses in food, chemicals, medicine, etc.