In which war was the Japanese Kwantung Army established?

After the 918 Incident, after the Japanese South Manchurian garrison army invaded and occupied the northeast, the South Manchurian garrison army was the early backbone, plus some reinforcements in the Korean army, and the notorious "Kwantung Army" was formed.

After the seizure of the armaments and military industrial facilities left behind by the Northeast Army, Japan cut off economic support for the "Kwantung Army" in Japan, but gave the Kwantung Army the power to expand its troops on its own.

The success of the Kwantung Army encouraged the aggressive ambitions of the Japanese military circles, and the Japanese General Staff Headquarters ordered the Japanese Navy to dispatch troops to Shanghai to cooperate with the Japanese secret services to make trouble in Shanghai, in order to test the reaction of the foreign powers to Japan's invasion and occupation of Northeast China.

The Japanese marines, seeing that the foreign powers did not care about the belonging of the Northeast, took the opportunity to expand the incident in Shanghai, hoping to expand the Japanese concession under their control, thus triggering the first Songhu War of Resistance. The Japanese army stationed in North China, seeing that the Japanese army had gained in Northeast China and Shanghai, also took the initiative to provoke the later Rehe Incident, triggering the "Great Wall War of Resistance".

It can be said that this series of events is a chain reaction of the 918 incident.

On July 5, 1945, the Japanese army headquarters determined that the Kwantung Army's operational policy against the Soviet Union was: "Use the vast area of Manchuria to crush the enemy's offensive." As a last resort, it is also necessary to hold the important areas east of the Changchun-Dalian line and south of the Changchun-Tumen line, and persist in fighting for a long time with leniency and repentance, so as to facilitate the implementation of the Greater East Asian War.

Guiding points: Make the best use of the terrain and fortifications in the areas along the outer borders of the Sujeong Mountains in the eastern part of North Korea, the mountains on the west side of the Mudangang River Valley, the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains, and the Sipyeong-Qiaorang Qiqihar Line, and strive to crush the enemy. In order to delay the enemy's attack, it is expected that a force will take the lead; After that, they took advantage of the vast territory and terrain of Manchuria to block the enemy's offensive in order to last a long time, and at the same time began guerrilla warfare on a wide scale.

On July 5, 1945, the Japanese army headquarters determined that the Kwantung Army's operational policy against the Soviet Union was: "Use the vast area of Manchuria to crush the enemy's offensive." As a last resort, it is necessary to garrison the important areas east of the Changchun-Dalian line and south of the Changchun-Tumen line, and persist in fighting for a long time, so as to facilitate the implementation of the Great East Asian War.

Dongning Fortress: Located in Dongning Town, Suifenhe City, Heilongjiang Province. It starts from the North Yama Palace of Suiyang Town in the north, reaches Ganhezi in the south, the front is more than 110 kilometers wide, and the depth is more than 50 kilometers, and it was once called the "Oriental Maginot Line".

During the Japanese puppet period, in order to prevent the attack of the former Soviet Union and to attack the Soviet Union at any time, the invading Japanese army not only built the largest military fortress in Asia here, but also stationed more than 130,000 people in three divisions of the Japanese Kwantung Army here, and built 10 airfields, more than 400 permanent fortifications, and 45 field artillery positions. The underground military fortresses that have been discovered include Xunshan Mountain, Asahi Mountain, Shenghong Mountain, Doe Mountain, 409 Highland, Mada Mountain, Triangle Mountain, Ganhezi, Hades Palace, Beiyao Mountain and other places. Currently open is the Fortress of Mt. Gun, a vast military fortification hidden deep in the lush mountains.

Xunshan Fortress is a medium-sized fortress in the Dongning Fortress, which covers an area of 5 hectares and is just across the river from Russia. After entering the tunnel of the dark fortress, it feels like entering a labyrinth, a series of 1 8 meters high, 1 5 meters wide tunnels criss-cross, up and down, up and down, the deepest depth can reach 15 meters above the surface, the tunnel is built with a command post, a medical station, a radio room, an iron garage, a lifting shaft, a drainage ditch, a water storage ditch, a heating pipe, a storage warehouse, an ammunition depot, a motor room, a military house, a fire launch point, a double-layer isolation door against gas and other facilities. The fortress is made entirely of reinforced concrete.

In the belly of the mountain, there is the "Dongning Fortress Exhibition Hall of the Japanese Invasion of China". The museum reveals the crimes of the Japanese army to people with a large number of physical objects and **.

Schematic map of the distribution of 17 fortresses of the Japanese Kwantung Army during World War II.

17 forts.

The fortresses are generally distributed along the Ussuri River, the side of the Heilongjiang River and the Daxing'an Mountains, from east to west: Hunchun, Dongning, Lumingtai, Suifenhe, Guanyuetai, Banjuhe, Miaoling, Hutou, Fujin, Fengxiang, Hormojin, Aihui, Heihe, Fabela, Wunuer, Hailar, Arshan.

Hunchun Fortress is also known as Wujiazi Fortress. Hormozhin Fortress is also known as Shengshan Fortress.

In September 1939, the Japanese Kwantung Army Headquarters formulated the "Joint Public Security and Rectification Plan for Jilin, Tonghua, and Jiandao (now Yanbian Region)". This plan determined that the six independent garrison battalions of the Japanese army, the main forces of the 2nd, 6th, and 8th military districts of the puppet army, and the puppet police, military police, and spies, totaling 10,000 people, should be concentrated as soon as possible, and the focus would be on a "crusade" against the southeast Manchurian region (present-day southeastern Jilin Province and eastern Liaoning Province) in an attempt to wipe out the 1st Route Army of the anti-Japanese coalition army operating in this area. This provoked the "crusade" of the Ming Dynasty, and the commander of the 2nd Garrison of the Japanese Army, General Nobu Shotoku 9, served as the commander, so it was also clearly announced that the deputy commander of the Nobenai was "crusading".