What factors does climate act on buildings

Among the disturbances of climate to buildings, the meteorological temperature has the greatest impact on buildings, which can be seen from the different designs of buildings in the south and north that we usually see. The temperature directly determines the design of the building envelope with regard to thermal insulation or thermal insulation walls, and is related to the design of the building's indoor ventilation system.

Secondly, it is necessary to count the impact of solar radiation on the building, because solar radiation is directly related to the indoor lighting and the design of the indoor lighting system of the building, which is why the problem of "orientation" should be selected when building a house. Solar radiation also affects indoor temperature changes, as well as the refraction of ultraviolet rays in the air, which affects the aging and damage of organic materials such as plastics.

Wind load is an important learning topic in architectural design, which is mainly because the wind load directly affects the safety and applicability of the building, and the wind direction and wind speed are related to the layout design of the building and the quality of the natural ventilation effect.

The amount and intensity of precipitation have a direct impact on the design of roof, surface and underground drainage systems. Because the strong rainwater impact will cause the gap on the wall, and penetrate into the room along the gap, it is easy to cause signs such as moisture inside the wall, which greatly reduces the service life of the wall, as well as its performance, seriously affects the aesthetics of the building, and reduces the service life of the building.

The relative humidity of the climate has an important influence on the choice of materials for buildings. This is mainly because many building materials will increase their thermal conductivity sharply after being wet, which greatly reduces their thermal insulation performance, which will have a lot of impact on special buildings such as building ice caves. When the humidity in the air is too high, it will reduce the mechanical strength of building materials, which is easy to cause destructive deformation, and some organic materials will also decay, which greatly reduces the quality and durability of buildings.

Damp building materials are also prone to mold growth, which can adversely affect people's health and the shelf life of items.

Dear, hello, the climate characteristics of the building refer to the characteristics of the climate environment in which the building is located, including climate type, temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, precipitation and other factors. This line refers to the factors that have a great impact on the design, construction, use, maintenance and renovation of the building, so the bucket cover must fully consider the climate and environmental characteristics of the building in the architectural design and planning, so that the construction of the empty zone can operate normally under the climatic conditions, and create a comfortable, healthy and energy-saving indoor environment.

The specific partitions are as follows:

According to the climatic zone division of China in the "General Principles for Civil Building Design". The building climate zone includes 7 main climate zones and 20 sub-climate zones.

The building climate zoning standard is the basic zoning, mainly used for macro control, in order to facilitate the application, the grading should not be too much, this standard is divided according to the secondary zoning system. The first-level district is divided into 7 first-level districts, and the second-level district is divided into 20 second-level districts. The first-level area reflects the large differences in the building climate of the whole country, and the second-level area reflects the small differences in the building climate in the major regions.

Category 1 Climatic Zone:

1. Characteristics of building climate.

The winters are long and cold, and the summers are short and cool; The west is more dry, the east is wet; The annual temperature range is very large; The freezing period is long, the permafrost is deep, and the snow is thick; The amount of solar radiation is large, and the sunshine is abundant; It is windy in the winter half of the year.

2. Basic requirements for construction.

1) The buildings in the area must fully meet the requirements of cold protection, heat preservation and anti-freezing in winter, and heat protection can not be considered in summer.

2) The overall planning, individual design and structural treatment should make the building meet the requirements of winter sunshine and cold wind protection; Energy-saving measures such as reducing the exposed area, strengthening the airtightness in winter, and making reasonable use of solar energy should be adopted in the building; The adverse effects of large annual temperature range and high winds should be considered structurally; Snow cover and freeze-thaw hazards should be considered in the roof structure; The construction should take into account the characteristics of a long and severe winter, and take corresponding measures.

3) The impact of permafrost on building foundations and underground pipelines should be considered in Zone IA and Zone IB to prevent the hazards of thawing and collapse of permafrost and frost heave.

4) In the western part of the IB, IC and ID areas, buildings should also pay attention to hail and wind protection.

The main factors influencing the climate: latitudinal location, atmospheric circulation, land-sea distribution, ocean currents, and topography. Among them, latitude location and land and sea distribution are the most basic factors affecting climate.

There are four main factors that affect the climate:

1. Ocean current factors. The warm current warms and humidifies the climate in the coastal areas.

2. Latitude position. The equatorial region receives the most precipitation, and the sublime near the poles. Near the Tropic of Cancer, there is more precipitation on the east coast of the continent and less precipitation on the west coast.

3. The third is the location of sea and land. In temperate regions, there is more precipitation in coastal areas and less precipitation in inland areas.

4. Topographic factors are one of the important factors affecting climate. In general, there is more precipitation on the windward slope and less precipitation on the leeward slope in the mountains.