The Chinese carriage and the Western carriage were invented earlier?

Whether it is ancient legends or archaeological discoveries, China's carriages are earlier than the Western carriages, the legend of Xihe is driving a carriage to graze the sun, we have now excavated more than 3000 years ago the carriage in kind, as for the technology than the West I don't know how many times, in the Spring and Autumn Period China not only has four-wheeled vehicles, but also six-wheeled vehicles, the diameter of the wheels has reached nearly one and a half meters, and at that time the Greek chariots were only horse-drawn with a toy car, their four-wheeled vehicles were 2000 years later than China.

This view is not very uniform, some Chinese scholars hold the "theory of the independent origin of the carriage in China", and some hold the "external theory", believing that the Chinese carriage is the first in Central and Western Asia or the Eurasian steppe.

Around 2000 B.C., several tribes of the steppes near the Black Sea brought horses to the valley of the Tigris-Euphrates River valley and began to use horses to pull wheeled carts, which already had spokes, were relatively light and easy to maneuver.

Personally, I think that China is relatively backward in terms of car manufacturing. Ancient Chinese (all the way to modern times) cars are roughly divided into two types, one is called a small car, that is, a wheelbarrow. The other is called a cart, which is two-wheeled.

No matter how many wheels could not solve the problem of steering, ancient China could not build them, and it was not until modern times that Western four-wheeled carriages were introduced to China.

The horse-drawn carriage is an ancient means of transportation, and its invention dates back thousands of years. Here is the history of the invention of the horse-drawn carriage:

1.Primitive horse-drawn carriages: Early humans may have first used horses for transportation, and later built vehicles to combine horsepower with vehicles.

The earliest primitive horse-drawn carriages were probably just wooden frames made from a few tree trunks for transporting goods or for humans themselves. These primitive carriages can be found in ancient history books, documents, and frescoes.

2.Ancient carriages: In ancient times, horse-drawn carriages became a symbol of the nobility and gradually developed a variety of styles and usage scenarios.

For example, during the Zhou Dynasty in China in the 8th century BC, four-wheeled carriages already existed and were used as touring cars for the royal family. In ancient Egypt and the Roman Empire, horse-drawn carriages were widely used for official occasions, ceremonies, and competitions.

3.Horse-drawn carriages in the Middle Ages: In medieval Europe, horse-drawn carriages were still the hallmark of the nobility, but at this time horse-drawn carriages began to be used for long-distance travel and transportation.

The number of horse-drawn carriages is also increasing, such as four-wheeled trucks and two-wheeled horse-drawn carriages. The legendary Prince Charles of England once traveled through England in the 17th century in a carriage on two white horses.

4.Modern horse-drawn carriages: With the invention and popularization of the automobile, the role of horse-drawn carriages gradually diminished. However, horse-drawn carriages are still preserved in some countries and regions, such as the New York City Center in the United States, where there are horse-drawn carriages for tourists.

In addition, horse-drawn carriages are also considered a type of tourism and entertainment, and are used in various theme parks, performing arts, and festivals.

The country that invented the world's first horse-drawn carriage was China, and the inventor of the carriage was Xi Zhonglian, who lived in the early years of the Xia Dynasty more than 4,000 years ago.

The invention of the horse-drawn carriage is a major innovation in the history of Chinese science and technology, which not only solves the problem of backward transportation, but also promotes the development of road facilities and expands commercial transportation and cultural exchange activities.

Xi Zhong's car building is an important part of traditional Chinese culture, which reflects the great contribution of the Chinese nation to human civilization in the long history. In the Shang Dynasty, horse-drawn carriages were used in warfare on a large scale, which greatly improved the mobility of warfare and accelerated the pace of national unification.

The ancient Sumerians were the first to invent the horse-drawn carriage.

Current archaeological research shows that the world's earliest horse-drawn carriage should have appeared in the crescent zone of Western Asia (also known as the fertile crescent), invented by the ancient Sumerians, the earliest record of the carriage appeared in the Uruk era of the ancient Mesopotamian civilization (about 4000 BC 3000 BC), the earliest drawings and models of the carriage appeared in the Khalaf culture (about 3000 BC 2800 BC) unearthed on the faience unearthed in western Syria. The earliest horse-drawn carriages were excavated from the tombs of the Kish and your kings of the early Mesopotamian dynasty (c. 3000-2350 BC).

According to ancient books and legends, the earliest horse-drawn carriage in China appeared in ancient times by the Xuanyuan clan (Xuanyuan clan is named after this), but the earliest horse-drawn carriage was unearthed in the late Shang Dynasty Yin Ruins site (about 1314-1046 BC), but archaeologists have found bronze carriage parts in the early Shang Dynasty Yanshi ** site and Zhengzhou Shangdu site (about 1600 BC), in the Central Plains of the late Xia Dynasty Erlitou civilization site (about 1800 BC Traces of ruts have been found in both the Siba culture in the northwest (c. 1900 BC and 1400 BC).

Since the Siba culture was distributed in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu and the western region of Xinjiang, some scholars believe that the earliest horse-drawn carriages re-established in China may have been introduced from West and Central Asia, while others believe that the horse-drawn carriages in the Central Plains of China may have been invented independently by the Chinese after comparing the shapes of Mesopotamian carriages and Chinese carriages.

The archaeological excavations in Yinxu in Anyang show that two-wheeled carriages were used in China in the late Shang Dynasty. The origin of the Chinese horse-drawn carriage has always been a matter of considerable concern but unanswered. In this regard, there is endless debate in academic circles at home and abroad.

Some domestic scholars hold the "theory of the independent origin of the carriage in China", while others hold the "external theory", believing that the Chinese carriage is the first in Central and Western Asia or the Eurasian steppe. One of the most representative views is that the horse-drawn carriage of the Sumerians, which originated in the middle of the 30th century BC in the two river basins of West Asia, was introduced to China in the late Shang Dynasty.

Regarding the invention and use of cars in China, there are many records in ancient documents. There is a saying that the Yellow Emperor, Xia Yu or Xi Zhong of Xia Yu invented the car. There are also documents that Xia Qi used chariots to conquer the Hu clan, Shang Tang also used a lot of chariots when he attacked Xia Ji, and even the Xia Dynasty had an official Che Zheng who managed the chariot administration.

If these accounts are true, the Xia Dynasty had a well-developed system of cars and carts, but until now, no archaeological evidence has been found.

In the past archaeological work, the early capital site of the Shang Dynasty Zhengzhou** had found a pottery fan for casting car bronze fittings, and Yanshi ** at the same time also excavated car bronze fittings. These all show that before the late Shang Dynasty, China not only had cars, but also used bronze accessories on the cars. After the discovery of the rut of Yanshi**, Du Jinpeng and Wang Xuerong, who had presided over the excavation of Yanshi**, wrote an article arguing that from the documentary records and archaeological discoveries, it is obviously not appropriate to trace the source of the late merchant carriage directly to West Asia.

Dr. Xu Hong, head of the Erlitou team at the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the discovery of ruts at the Erlitou site makes it safe to say that the Chinese tradition of using cars has been around for hundreds of years before the Yin Ruins. The rut characteristics found by Erlitou and Yanshi** are relatively close and the shape is smaller, which is very different from the carriage found in Yinxu in Anyang. During the Erlitou period, whether it was driven by humans or livestock, and what livestock was used to drive, all need to be confirmed by future archaeological discoveries.

In addition, horse bones are rare in pre-Shang sites in China. Therefore, the custom of driving by horses in the late Shang Dynasty in China has not yet found its local source in archaeology, and the origin of horse-drawn carriages in the late Shang period is still a mystery to be solved.

The ancient Sumerians were the first to invent the horse-drawn carriage.

Current archaeological research shows that the world's earliest horse-drawn carriage should have appeared in the crescent zone of Western Asia (also known as the fertile crescent), invented by the ancient Sumerians, the earliest record of the carriage appeared in the Uruk era of the ancient Mesopotamian civilization (about 4000 BC 3000 BC), the earliest drawings and models of the carriage appeared in the Khalaf culture (about 3000 BC 2800 BC) unearthed on the faience unearthed in western Syria. The earliest horse-drawn carriages were excavated from the tombs of the Kish and your kings of the early Mesopotamian dynasty (c. 3000-2350 BC).

According to ancient books and legends, the earliest horse-drawn carriage in China appeared in ancient times by the Xuanyuan clan (Xuanyuan clan is named after this), but the earliest horse-drawn carriage was unearthed in the late Shang Dynasty Yin Ruins site (about 1314-1046 BC), but archaeologists have found bronze carriage parts in the early Shang Dynasty Yanshi ** site and Zhengzhou Shangdu site (about 1600 BC), in the Central Plains of the late Xia Dynasty Erlitou civilization site (about 1800 BC Traces of ruts have been found in both the Siba culture in the northwest (c. 1900 BC and 1400 BC).

Since the Siba culture was distributed in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu and the western region of Xinjiang, some scholars believe that the earliest horse-drawn carriages re-established in China may have been introduced from West and Central Asia, while others believe that the horse-drawn carriages in the Central Plains of China may have been invented independently by the Chinese after comparing the shapes of Mesopotamian carriages and Chinese carriages.

I haven't figured out who invented it yet.

The first carriage in history was made after Xi Zhong tamed the horse in the Xia Yu era, and began to be vigorously improved after the Shang Dynasty, and the carriage not only became a means of transportation for dignitaries and nobles, but also became a burial object for nobles and nobles.

It is said that 12 carriages were unearthed from the Zhou tomb in Xincun, Nanyu County, and there were 72 horse bones, which shows that there was already a carriage of six horses at that time.

During the Han Dynasty, the level of riding was more strict, and low-level officials could only sit in a small car without a curtain - "Yi Che", and only high-level ** could sit in a tall box car - "Xuan Che", while aristocratic women took a "chariot" equipped with a curtain. At the same time, the horses that drive are also different, the general car only has one horse, while the ruling class has to drive four horses, the so-called "horse car" and "horse is difficult to chase" all refer to this kind of four carriages.

Archaeological excavations at Yinxu in Anyang have shown that two-wheeled horse-drawn carriages were already used in China during the late Shang Dynasty.

The origin of the Chinese horse-drawn carriage has always been a matter of considerable concern but unanswered. This is debated in the academic community. Some Chinese scholars hold the "theory of the independent origin of the carriage in China", while others hold the "external theory", believing that the Chinese carriage is the first in Central and Western Asia or the Eurasian steppe.

Around 2000 B.C., in the Tigris-Euphrates valley of the steppes near the Black Sea, horses began to be used to pull wheeled carts that already had spokes, rather than whole pieces of wood, as in the earlier wheels.

The first horse-drawn carriage in China appeared in the late Shang Dynasty as a two-wheeled carriage.

It seems that the Yellow Emperor has a rough model in front of it.

1. The car was first pushed and pulled by people. When people were able to tame cattle, horses, and other livestock, they used livestock to pull them. Animal-powered vehicles have a larger carrying capacity than rickshaws, and they are also faster and have a longer range.

Single-wheeled bicycles were the original form of animal-powered vehicles, but later they were driven and towed by two or four horses. The horses that drive are called service horses, and the horses that are drawn on the same sides are horses. In ancient Egypt, a yoke was invented, which was placed on the shoulders of livestock to reduce the pressure on the rope by making bow-shaped parts and adding cushions.

Over the course of its long history, horse-drawn carriages have gradually become the most widely used means of transportation on land. In the war, the carriage also became a powerful **, with its speed, strong impact and became the trump card division of all arms, in China's Shang and Zhou dynasties, a country's military strength was even measured by the number of combat carriages.

2. In Europe, horse-drawn carriages were commonly used in the Roman Empire to transport mail. With the development of commerce and the gradual development of horse-drawn carriage roads, almost all the tasks of transportation by land were undertaken by horse-drawn carriages. In the 19th century, horse-drawn carriages were widely used in Europe, and in the 20th century, horse-drawn carriages changed from the previous wooden and iron structure, using rubber tires and ball bearings, and coexisted with modern means of transportation, railway trains and automobiles.

However, the long-distance transportation of horse-drawn carriages was gradually replaced by rail transportation, and short-distance transportation by land also encountered strong competition from automobiles. The carriage gradually withdrew from the stage of history.