What is the best degree Celsius for superconductors?

The temperature of superconductivity is closer to the normal temperature, of course, the better it is to use, and the current transition temperature of superconductivity, which is said to be 120 Kelvin in the textbook, is actually this represents the scientific level of a country, and it is an absolute secret. Generally speaking, it will not be easily leaked.

It's about -140 degrees Celsius.

It is in the physics textbook of the third year of junior high school.

Moreover, China's research is also relatively leading in the world.

The superconductor prepared by the low-temperature method is about 120 cal, and the superconductor made by nanotechnology, such as nano-carbon transistors, is already at room temperature. It's just that it can't be applied in practice yet.

It is best to achieve it at room temperature, but it is not possible. At present, it can also be done at 120 degrees below 0.

As mentioned upstairs, this is classified, it was around 70k years ago, and I believe it should be possible around 100k today.

Of course, the closer to the normal temperature, the better!!

Well, according to the textbook, it has been able to open more than 100, as for what kind of support is on the third floor.

The higher the temperature of the metal conductor, the greater the resistance, and the lower the temperature, the lower the resistance.

Superconductivity: When the temperature is reduced to a certain level, the resistance of certain materials disappears.

Resistance temperature conversion formula: r2 = r1 * (t+t2) (t+t1) r2 = x (235 +(40)) 235 + 20) = calculated value 80 A t1 ---winding temperature t--- resistance temperature constant (235 for copper wire, 225 for aluminum wire) t2 --- converted temperature (75 °C or 15 °C) r1 --- measured resistance value r2--- to convert resistance value.

When the temperature variation range is not large, the resistivity of pure metal increases linearly with temperature, that is, = 0(1+ t), where 0 is the resistivity of t and 0 respectively, which is called the temperature coefficient of resistance. Most metallic.

Since the linear expansion is much more significant than that of the metal ( temperature increase 1 , the length of the metal only expands about When considering the change of metal resistance with temperature, its length l and cross-sectional area s can be changed slightly, so r = r0 (1+ t), and the sum of the equation is the resistance of the metal conductor at t and 0 respectively.

The concept of room-temperature superconductivity is the phenomenon of superconductivity that is achieved at room temperature.

1. Interpretation of the phenomenon of superconductivity.

The phenomenon of superconductivity refers to the fact that an electric current can pass through a material with zero resistance. But strictly speaking, it means that the resistance is zero at a certain temperature. Superconductivity not only has the characteristics of zero resistance, but also can be completely diamagnetic, which allows the superconductor to have almost no energy loss in the process of transmitting current, and superconducting materials such as closed rocks can carry stronger currents per square centimeter of cross-sectional area; In general, conventional materials consume a lot of energy in the process of conducting electricity.

2. Principle. The superconducting material has zero resistance and high efficiency in transmitting current. Superconducting materials have an intact structure, high electron mobility, and faster current transfer.

Magnetic field has an impact on the performance of superconducting materials, and materials that are sensitive to magnetic fields are sought to improve superconductivity. At present, high-temperature superconducting materials are a common and important research direction.

3. Application. 1) Fully diamagnetic.

Maglev trains take advantage of this feature. Superconducting coils can carry large currents, and the superconducting coil is a powerful superconducting magnet. Superconducting magnets are installed on the train and on the tracks.

When an external magnetic field is present, an opposite magnetic field is generated inside the superconductor due to complete diamagnetism, making the total magnetic induction intensity inside the superconductor zero. The resulting repulsion can levitate a heavy train in the air. By changing the orientation of the magnetic field on the track, the train can be kept in forward motion.

2) The Josephson effect.

The Josephson effect refers to the fact that two superconductors are very close to each other, and when the distance is close to the atomic scale, the electrons in the superconductor can overcome the barrier of the intermediate insulating layer and form superconducting Cooper pairs, forming a superconducting current between the two superconductors, resulting in a superconducting current. The Josephson effect makes it possible to make superconducting quantum interferometers for measuring very small magnetic signals.

Advantages of room-temperature superconductivity:

1. Lower temperature.

Room-temperature superconductivity requires a lower temperature than room-temperature superconductivity and can be achieved near room temperature, making it easier to achieve than other superconducting technologies.

2. Wider application.

Room-temperature superconductivity can be achieved at lower temperatures, and superconducting materials have relatively low environmental requirements, which can be widely used in practical applications, such as power transmission, magnetic levitation, electronic devices and other fields.

3. Lower energy consumption.

Superconducting materials have almost no resistance in the superconducting state, and no heat is generated when current passes through, so energy loss can be greatly reduced and energy efficiency is higher.

4. Faster transmission speed.

Superconducting materials can carry larger currents and transmit faster, which can greatly improve the speed and efficiency of information transmission.

5. Stronger magnetic field.

Superconducting materials can generate stronger magnetic fields in the superconducting state, which can be used in the medical field in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, particle accelerators and other fields.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - room temperature superconductivity.

Greenhouse superconductivity is a phenomenon of superconductivity, that is, under high temperature and high pressure conditions, certain substances can exhibit superconducting properties.

Many materials have been found to have superconducting properties, but their mechanisms are not fully understood, so the authenticity of greenhouse superconductivity is questionable.

Greenhouse superconductivity is a type of superconducting material. It gets its name from the fact that it has characteristics similar to the greenhouse effect, which can achieve superconductivity at relatively high temperatures. The discovery of superconducting materials in greenhouses is of great significance to the research and application of superconductivity, and can play an important role in power transmission and storage, magnetic resonance imaging, and other fields.

The discovery of greenhouse superconductivity will bring revolutionary changes to the leakage areas of power transmission and maglev trains. Greenhouse superconductivity is a kind of superconducting technology, which uses the superconducting properties of high-temperature superconductor materials at room temperature for energy transfer and electronic control.

Room temperature superconductivity"Technology refers to the technology that achieves superconductivity at room temperature. Traditionally, superconducting materials have required very low temperatures to exhibit superconducting properties, which limits the range of applications of superconducting technology in real-world applications. However, recent studies have shown that some materials can also exhibit superconducting properties at room temperature, which has attracted a lot of attention from the physics community.

If these materials can indeed exhibit superconducting properties at room temperature, this would be a revolutionary technology, as it would mean that we could use superconducting technology in a wider range of temperature and environmental conditions, advancing the development of technology pioneers in energy, transportation, and other fields.

The disruptive nature of this technology is that until now, physicists have generally believed that superconductivity requires extremely low temperatures to occur, because superconductivity is driven by some strange physical phenomena that only occur at very low temperatures. Therefore, if superconductivity is achieved at room temperature, it will force us to rethink the physical nature of superconductivity and reevaluate our understanding of the properties of matter.

Room-temperature superconductivity, i.e., superconductivity achieved at room temperature.

Conventional superconductors typically require extremely low temperatures close to absolute zero to exhibit superconducting properties, while room-temperature superconductors exhibit similar behavior at more conventional temperatures. This breakthrough sparked widespread interest in the scientific community and the engineering community.

In the state of room temperature superconductivity, the current can be freely transmitted inside the material without impedance, resistance, and with little heat loss. This opens up enormous potential for energy transmission, storage and electronics. The discovery of room-temperature superconducting materials will bring unprecedented high efficiency and low energy consumption to fields such as power transmission, magnetic levitation, and electronic communications.

Successful research and application of room-temperature superconductivity technology means that superconducting materials can be produced, manipulated and utilized under more conventional operating conditions, thus revolutionizing the existing technological and industrial landscape.

The main effects of room temperature superconductivity:

1. Energy transmission and storage: Room temperature superconductivity can greatly improve the efficiency of power transmission and reduce energy loss. Traditional power transmission systems have the problems of energy loss and line impedance, while room temperature superconductivity can achieve impedance-free current transmission and improve the efficiency of energy transmission.

In addition, room-temperature superconductivity can also be used in high-capacity and high-efficiency energy storage systems, providing a better solution for the utilization and storage of renewable energy.

2. Electronic equipment and communication: Room temperature superconductivity can improve the performance and efficiency of electronic equipment. The application of superconducting materials can reduce energy loss and heat generation problems in electronic devices, and improve the performance of computers, communication devices, and sensors.

This will drive the development of information technology and facilitate the speed and efficiency of communication and data processing.

3. Transportation: Room temperature superconductivity can be applied to high-speed trains and maglev transportation systems to improve the efficiency and speed of transportation. Superconducting magnetic levitation technology can reduce friction and energy loss, enabling higher train speeds and lower energy consumption.

This will change the face of existing transport systems and make urban transport more accessible and sustainable.

4. Scientific research and innovation: The realization of room-temperature superconductivity will promote the progress of scientific research. The research and application of superconducting materials will promote the development of physics, materials hunger, science, and engineering.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - room temperature superconductivity.

What is the significance of room-temperature superconductivity: This means that superconductors can transmit current without loss of current without the energy losses that occur with conventional conductors.

1. Room temperature superconductivity

Room-temperature superconductivity, i.e., superconductivity achieved at room temperature. The phenomenon of superconductivity was first observed at extremely low temperatures close to absolute zero, and most superconductors also only operate at temperatures close to absolute zero. If human beings achieve room-temperature superconductivity under normal physical conditions, it is expected to improve the efficiency of electrical conductors and devices by minimizing heat production, and enable superconducting materials to be applied on a large scale in production and life, comprehensively and profoundly changing human society.

2. Definitions

On October 14, 2020, the British journal Nature published a physics study in which a team of American scientists reported that room-temperature superconductivity was observed in hydrides from organic sources at high pressure. But the study was retracted after it was said to have serious problems. The phenomenon of superconductivity refers to the fact that an electric current can pass through a material with zero resistance.

But strictly speaking, it means that the resistance is zero at the temperature of a certain source. Superconductivity, on the other hand, is more than just zero resistance.

3. Principle

Normally, it is only at a certain temperature that a material enters a superconducting state. This critical temperature is very low, often tens of Kelvin (about minus 200 degrees Celsius), which is very difficult to achieve in daily life, preventing the large-scale application of superconducting materials. As early as 1911, Dutch physicist Kamerin Onnes had discovered that when the temperature dropped, the resistance of mercury soaked in liquid helium would disappear.

4. Application

When the temperature drops to a certain level, some matter enters a wonderful state – the superconducting state. At this point, the resistance disappears and the electrons move in it unhindered. This temperature is called the superconducting transition temperature.

This characteristic makes superconductivity great in applications: without resistance, Joule heating will not be generated, so it can be applied to large-scale integrated circuits and build superconducting computers; It can carry large currents without current loss, and can make high-voltage transmission lines, superconducting motors, etc.

Superconductors also have two characteristics: complete diamagnetism and the Josephson effect. When an ordinary conductor is in a magnetic field, an induced magnetic field is generated in its body.

In the superconducting state, no matter how the external magnetic field changes, the magnetic induction intensity in its body must be zero. Maglev trains take advantage of this feature. Superconducting coils can carry large currents, making them powerful superconducting magnets.

Room-temperature superconductivity refers to materials that exhibit superconductivity at or near room temperature.

The phenomenon of superconductivity was initially observed at extremely low temperatures close to absolute zero, and most superconductors also only operate at temperatures close to absolute zero. Human-temperature superconductivity under normal physical conditions is expected to improve the efficiency of electrical conductors and devices by minimizing heat production.

The phenomenon of superconductivity refers to the fact that an electric current can pass through a material with zero resistance. But strictly speaking, it means that the resistance is zero at the temperature of a certain limb. Superconductor not only has the characteristics of zero resistance, but also can be completely diamagnetic, which allows the superconductor to have almost no energy loss in the process of transmitting current, and can carry stronger current per square centimeter of cross-sectional area. In general, conventional materials consume a lot of energy in the process of conducting electricity.

Principles of room temperature superconductivity:

As early as 1911, the Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes had discovered that the resistance of mercury soaked in liquid helium disappeared when the temperature dropped to about one. BCS Theory. The theory was developed by American scientists John Bardeen, Leon Cooper and John Schrieffer based on "wave-particle duality".

They believe that when there is a voltage, the free electric retardon on the outer layer of the metal will flow through the lattice lattice to form an electric current, but in general, this lattice lattice is defective and will hinder the current due to thermal vibration. Neil Aschcroft gave the answer in 1968 that hydrogen atoms could be powerful assistants in the operation of superconductors. The small size of hydrogen atoms allows electrons to move closer together in the lattice.