What are superconductors used for? What are the applications of superconductors?

It is mainly used to conduct electrical energy.

Ensure that the current conducts in the process of dielectric conduction to avoid the consumption of electrical energy at a minimum.

It's not going to be useful right now, because it needs so much cold! Not possible under normal circumstances!

Low resistance and high conductivity.

There is little or no loss in the process of conducting electricity.

Scientists have recently created a new form of matter and predict that it will help humans make the next generation of superconductors that can be used for a variety of purposes, from generating electricity to improving the efficiency of trains.

This new form of matter is called the "Fermi condensate" and is the sixth known form of matter. The first five forms of matter are gases, solids, liquids, plasma, and the Bose-Einstein condensate, which was invented just in 1995.

The major difference between fermion and boson is reflected in the quantum mechanical property of "spin". Fermions are electron-like particles with semi-integer spins (e.g. 1 2, 3 2, 5 2, etc.); Whereas, bosons are proton-like particles that have integer spins (like 0, 1, 2, etc.). This difference in spin gives fermion and boson completely different properties.

No two fermitons can have the same quantum state: they do not have the same properties, nor can they be in the same place at the same time; Bosons, on the other hand, can have the same properties. Thus, when physicists cooled a certain number of rubidium and sodium atoms into bosons in 1995, most of the atoms became the same low-temperature quantum state, effectively becoming a single giant monolithic atom:

Bose-Einstein condensate. But a fermion like Potassium-40 or Lithium-6, even at very low temperatures, each particle must have slightly different properties.

In 2003, physicists found a way to overcome these obstacles. They turned the fermion into bosons in pairs, and the two and a half integer spins formed an integer spin, and the fermion pair acted as bosons, and all the gases suddenly condensed into a bose-Einstein condensate. Scientists at the University of Innsbreck in Austria cooled lithium and 6 atoms while applying a stable magnetic field to push the fermions together; The "Joint Laboratory Astrophysics Institute" in Colorado, USA, uses a slightly different technology, they apply a magnetic field after cooling a 40-atom of potassium, and through the change of the magnetic field, each atom strongly attracts nearby atoms, inducing them to form pairs of atoms, and then condenses into a Bose-Einstein condensate.

The application of superconductors has a random shout:

1. Strong current application.

Superconducting Generators: Currently, superconducting generators have two meanings. One meaning is to replace the copper windings of ordinary generators with superconductor windings to improve the current density and magnetic field strength, which has the advantages of large power generation capacity, small size, light weight, small reactance and high efficiency.

2. Weak current application.

Superconducting computers: High-speed computers require dense arrangement of components and connecting wires on integrated circuit chips, but densely arranged circuits will generate a lot of heat when working, and heat dissipation is a problem faced by VLSI circuits.

3. Diamagnetic application.

Superconducting maglev train: Using the diamagnetism of superconducting materials, the superconducting materials are placed on top of a permanent magnet, because the magnetic field lines of the magnet cannot pass through the superconductor, a repulsive force will be generated between the magnet and the superconductor, so that the superconductor is suspended above the magnet.

What are the applications of superconductors are as follows:

1. Magnets can be made by using the superconductivity of materials, which can be used in motors, high-energy particle accelerators, magnetic levitation transportation, controlled thermonuclear reactions, energy storage, etc.; Power cables can be made for large-capacity power transmission; Communication cables and antennas can be made, and their performance is better than that of conventional materials.

2. The complete diamagnetism of the material can be used to make frictionless gyroscopes and bearings.

3. The Josephson effect can be used to make a series of precision measuring instruments, radiation detectors, microwave generators, logic components, etc. Using Josephson as the logic and memory components of a computer, it is 10 to 20 times faster than a high-performance integrated circuit, and consumes only a quarter of the power.

Superconductivity refers to the development history of Shouming materials.

In 1911, Dutch physicist Annis discovered that the resistivity of mercury does not gradually decrease as the temperature decreases, as expected, but that the resistance of mercury suddenly drops to zero when the temperature drops nearby.

The phenomenon that the resistivity of certain metals, alloys, and compounds suddenly decreases to the point that it is impossible to measure when the temperature drops to a certain temperature near absolute zero is called superconductivity, and the substances that can cause superconductivity are called celery superconductors.

Nitrogen is the main component of air, and the efficiency of liquid nitrogen refrigerators is at least 10 times higher than that of liquid helium, so the ** of liquid nitrogen is actually only equivalent to 1 100 of liquid helium.

Liquid nitrogen refrigeration equipment is simple, so existing high-temperature superconductors, although they must also be cooled with liquid nitrogen, are considered to be one of the greatest scientific discoveries of the 20th century.

Superconductors are an exciting material in the field of coding, with many potential applications.

Superconductivity refers to the complete disappearance of the resistance of a material below a certain temperature. This means that electric current can flow without resistance in a superconductor without any heat. Superconductors have a wide range of applications in power transmission and storage, medical devices, magnet manufacturing, and more.

1. Main applications of superconductors

1. Power transmission and storage

Superconductors can be used to construct superconducting cables to transmit electricity more efficiently. Superconducting cables reduce losses and therefore reduce energy waste. In addition, superconductors can also be used to make superconducting batteries, a new type of battery technology that can store large amounts of energy and have a long service life.

2. Medical equipment

Superconductors also have a wide range of applications in medical devices. For example, superconducting magnets can be used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines to generate extremely strong magnetic fields. Superconducting magnets can also be used to create artificial hearts to help people who need heart transplants or assistive devices.

3. Magnet manufacturing

Superconductors can also be used to make superconducting magnets. Superconducting magnets can generate extremely strong magnetic fields, so they can be used in many applications, such as nuclear fusion experiments, particle accelerators, maglev trains, and more.

2. Precautions

Superconductors must exhibit superconductivity at very low temperatures, so cryogenic coolants such as liquid helium are required to maintain superconductivity. Superconductors can be disturbed by magnetic fields, so the presence of magnetic fields needs to be avoided when using superconductors. Superconductors are expensive to manufacture and use, so the costs and benefits of using superconductors need to be weighed.

3. Summary

Superconductors are promising materials that can play a role in power transmission and storage, medical devices, magnet manufacturing, and more. However, there are some issues to be aware of when using superconductors, such as keeping the hall cool, avoiding interference from magnetic fields, and weighing the costs and benefits of use.

The applications of superconductors can be divided into three categories: strong current applications, weak current applications, and diamagnetic applications. High-current applications are high-current applications, including superconducting power generation, transmission, and energy storage; Weak current applications are electronic applications, including superconducting computers, superconducting antennas, superconducting microwave devices, etc.; Diamagnetic applications mainly include maglev trains and thermonuclear fusion reactors.

Superconducting magnets can be used to make AC superconducting generators, ferrofluid generators, and superconducting transmission lines. At present, superconducting quantum interferometers (SQUIDs) have been industrialized.

In addition, NBTI alloy and NB3SN, which are the main representatives of low-temperature superconducting materials, should be used in the commercial field mainly for MRI (nuclear magnetic resonance imaging instrument) in the medical field. As a field of scientific research, it has been applied to the LHC project, a large-scale project in Europe, to help mankind seek scientific problems such as the origin of the universe.

Superconductors act as can be used to transmit electricity.

Further information is as follows:

A material that exhibits superconductivity under certain conditions. Superconductor (English name: superconductor), also known as superconducting material, refers to a conductor with zero resistance at a certain temperature.

In experiments, if the measured value of the conductor resistance is less than 10-25, the resistance can be considered to be zero. Superconductors not only have zero resistance, but another important feature is that they are completely diamagnetic.

Superconductors were first discovered in 1911, when Dutch scientist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes and others discovered that at extremely low temperatures, the resistance of mercury disappears and it becomes superconductive. Since then, the research on superconductors has been deepened, on the one hand, a variety of superconducting materials with practical potential have been discovered, and on the other hand, the research on superconductivity mechanism has also made some progress.

Superconductors have been used in a series of experimental applications, and have carried out certain military and commercial applications, and can be used as defective materials for photonic crystals in the field of communications. The discovery of superconductors is inseparable from the study of low temperatures. In the 18th century, due to the limitations of cryogenic technology, it was believed that there were "permanent gases" such as hydrogen and helium that could not be liquefied.

In 1898, the British physicist Dewar produced liquid hydrogen. In 1908, Professor Kamerin Onnes of the Leiden Cryogenic Laboratory of Leiden University in the Netherlands successfully liquefies the last "permanent gas" - helium, and obtained the low temperature by reducing the vapor pressure of helium in the volcanic liquid. Breakthroughs in low-temperature research laid the foundation for the discovery of superconductors.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, there were different versions of how the resistance of metals changed around absolute zero. One view is that the resistance of a pure metal should decrease with temperature and disappear at absolute zero. Another view, represented by William Thomson (Baron Kelvin), holds that as the temperature decreases, the resistance of a metal after reaching a minimum.

It becomes infinite due to the condensation of electrons onto metal atoms. In February 1911, Camerin Onnis, who had mastered the techniques of liquid helium and cryogenics, discovered that the resistance of platinum was maintained at a constant rather than increased after passing through a minimum. Therefore, Kamerin Onnis believed that the resistance of pure platinum should disappear at the temperature of liquid helium.

To test this hypothesis, Kamerin Annis chose mercury, which is easier to purify, as the test subject. First, Kamerin Onnis cooled the mercury to minus 40 to solidify it into threads. Liquid helium is then used to lower the temperature to the vicinity and apply a voltage at both ends of the mercury line; When the temperature is slightly lower, the resistance of the mercury suddenly disappears, exhibiting a superconducting state.