Urgently, a few questions about philosophy 50

For example, historical issues are not only political history, if you don't understand the economy, you will not be able to analyze the forces behind history, but you will not be able to know the tools for analyzing things.

But what I want to say more is:

If there is no classification of humanities and social sciences, the social sciences will not have the achievements they have today, in the words you are interested in, if you do not learn the knowledge of each branch separately at the beginning, you will not know how to comprehensively analyze, although the problems are intrinsically interrelated, but there is no starting point and learning fulcrum to cut into.

This is actually a dialectical contradiction, if you want to have a great achievement, of course, you have to have a holistic perspective, but you can't separate it and you can't summarize it.

4.A Comparison of the Traditional Academic Spirit of the East and the West?

The West emphasizes scientific thinking with logical reasoning, while the East focuses on holistic and comprehensive thinking.

Truth-seeking"The spirit is expounded with heart, and its essence is to be able to take responsibility for what you do everywhere, and to be able to do this, this society has also reached a very high level"Be creditworthy"In the final analysis, it is the embodiment of truth-seeking consciousness. The consciousness of seeking truth does not need to be deliberately pursued to express anything. This is the same as what Lin Qingxuan wrote"Seek good spirit"The same.

True"Ask for good"It's not about enjoying luxury every day and wearing a famous brand every day. It's a state of mind of people, a state of mind that takes the least amount of money to buy the best things to achieve.

Summary. Philosophy is a discipline about basic issues such as human existence, thinking, and value, and the core questions of its research include the following aspects:1

Existentialism: the study of the nature and form of existence, the relationship between existence and nothingness. 2.

Metaphysics: the study of basic concepts such as entities, attributes, relationships, changes, the nature and structure of the world. 4.

Ethics: the study of values, morals, obligations, etc., **human behavioral norms and value orientations.

Philosophy is a discipline about basic issues such as human existence, thinking, and value, and the core questions of its research include the following aspects:1Existentialism:

The study of the nature and form of existence, the relationship between existence and nothingness. Messy dust 2Epistemology:

The study of basic concepts such as entities, attributes, relationships, and changes, as well as the nature of the world and the structure of the world. 4.Ethics:

Study the issues of values, morality, obligations, etc., ** human behavioral norms and value orientations.

5.Political philosophy: the study of the state, political power, social organization and other issues, the nature and role of political institutions.

6.Aesthetics: Study the issues of beauty, art, aesthetics, etc., and explore the nature and value of aesthetic experience.

In addition to the above six aspects, philosophy is also concerned with other basic envy issues, such as free will, human nature, time and space, scientific method, language, and so on. These questions are fundamental questions of philosophy, they relate to all aspects of human thinking and life, and have had a profound impact on human understanding and culture.

There are many problems in philosophical research, but all the major basic problems in philosophical research and solution are the problems of the relationship between thinking and existence, that is, the relationship between consciousness and matter. There are two aspects to this question: first, what is primary, i.e., primordial, thinking and being, consciousness and matter, and philosophers are divided into two camps according to their question.

Those who assert that consciousness and thinking are primary, and existence and matter are secondary, constitute the camp of idealism; Anyone who believes that existence and matter are primary, and consciousness and thinking are secondary, belong to materialism. The question of which is the primacy of mind and being, consciousness and matter, is the only criterion for dividing materialism and idealism. In connection with this, the question of the relationship between social existence and social consciousness is the basic question of the concept of history, and the question of which is the primacy of social existence and social consciousness is the criterion for dividing historical materialism and historical idealism.

Those who believe that social existence determines social consciousness belong to historical materialism; On the contrary, it is historical idealism that social consciousness determines the existence of society.

Second, whether our minds can understand the real world is, in philosophical terms, the question of whether thinking and being are identical. The vast majority of philosophers have affirmed this question. Its views are agnostic.

But there are also philosophers who deny the possibility of knowing the world, or at least the possibility of knowing the world thoroughly, and whose views are agnostic.

There was a fierce struggle and controversy between materialism and idealism over the fundamental questions of philosophy. A history of philosophy is in fact a history of the struggle between materialist philosophy and idealist philosophy. In the opposition and struggle between materialism and idealism, the opposition and struggle between dialectical law and metaphysics are intertwined.

(1) The basic problem of philosophy is the question of the relationship between thinking and being, simply put, the relationship between matter and consciousness. It includes two aspects: one is the question of what is the primacy of thinking and existence; The second is the question of whether there is an identity between thinking and existence, that is, whether thinking can correctly understand the existing problems.

2) Different answers to the question of which is the primacy of thinking and existence are the only criterion for dividing materialism and idealism, and those who believe that existence determines thinking are materialists, and those who think that thinking determines existence are idealism. Anyone who answers the question in the affirmative is agnosticism, and anyone who denies the possibility of knowing the world, or at least the possibility of knowing the world thoroughly, is called agnosticism.

The basic problem of philosophy is the question of the primacy of thinking and being, that is, consciousness and matter. According to the difference between these two questions, the answer is the question of determining idealism and materialism, but in fact, it is the question of what is the primacy of the two and the question of identity.

Fundamentals of philosophy.

Question: The question of the relationship between thinking and existence is the question of the relationship between matter and consciousness, which has two meanings, one is the question of what is the origin of thinking and being, and the different answers to this question divide the two camps of materialism and idealism.

Conclusion: Matter is primordial, consciousness is derived, and matter determines consciousness.

The basic problem of philosophy is the relationship between matter and consciousness, and to put it simply, it is who is the first nature, who has first, and who decides whom.

To put it simply, it is the relationship between matter and consciousness. It has two points of view: materialism and idealism. Talk about matter and consciousness who decides whom.